Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach to medical practice intended to optimize decision-making by emphasizing the use of evidence from well designed and conducted research. Although all medicine based on science has some degree of empirical support, EBM goes further, classifying evidence by its epistemologic strength and requiring that only the strongest types (coming from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials) can yield strong recommendations; weaker types (such as from case-control studies) can yield only weak recommendations. The term was originally used to describe an approach to teaching the practice of medicine and improving decisions by individual physicians about individual patients. Then the use of the term rapidly expanded to include a previously described approach that emphasized the use of evidence in the design of guidelines and policies that apply to groups of patients and populations.

In the present book, twelve typical literatures about evidence-based medicine published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on medical science concerning evidence-based medicine. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in evidence-based medicine as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.