[1]
|
Kyne, L., Hamel, M.B., Polavaram, R., et al. (2002) Health care costs and mortality associated with nosocomial diarrhea due to Clostridium difficile. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34, 346-353. doi:10.1086/338260
|
[2]
|
Bignardi, G.E. (1998) Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Hospital Infection, 40, 1-15.
doi:10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90019-6
|
[3]
|
Thomas, C., Stevenson, M. and Riley, T.V. (2003) Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: A systematic review. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 51, 1339-1350.
doi:10.1093/jac/dkg254
|
[4]
|
Kyne, L., Sougioultzis, S., McFarland, L.V., et al. (2002) Underlying disease severity as a major risk factor for nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 23, 653-659.
doi:10.1086/501989
|
[5]
|
Pierce Jr., P.F., Wilson, R., Silva Jr., J., et al. (1982) Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis: An epidemiologic investigation of a cluster of cases. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 145, 269-274.
doi:10.1093/infdis/145.2.269
|
[6]
|
Akhtar, A.J. and Shaheen, M. (2007) Increasing incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in African-American and Hispanic patients: Association with the use of proton pump inhibitor therapy. Journal of the National Medical Association, 99, 500-504.
|
[7]
|
Aseeri, M., Schroeder, T., Kramer, J., et al. (2008) Gastric acid suppression by proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 103, 2308-2313. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01975.x
|
[8]
|
Dalton, B.R., Lye-Maccannell, T., Henderson, E.A., et al. (2009) Proton pump inhibitors increase significantly the risk of Clostridium difficile infection in a low-endemicity, non-outbreak hospital setting. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 29, 626-634.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03924.x
|
[9]
|
Cunningham, R., Dale, B., Undy, B., et al. (2003) Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Journal of Hospital Infection, 54, 243-245.
doi:10.1016/S0195-6701(03)00088-4
|
[10]
|
Pohl, J.F. (2012) Clostridium difficile infection and proton pump inhibitors. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 24, 627-631. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e328355a3e1
|
[11]
|
Fujiwara, Y., Takahashi, S., Arakawa, T., et al. (2009) A 2008 questionnaire-based survey of gastroesophageal reflux disease and related diseases by physicians in East Asian countries. Digestion, 80, 119-128.
doi:10.1159/000226088
|
[12]
|
Arakawa, T., Fujiwara, Y., Sollano, J.D., et al. (2009) A questionnaire-based survey on the prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by physicians in East Asian countries in 2007. Digestion, 79, 177-185.
doi:10.1159/000211713
|
[13]
|
Stevens, V., Dumyati, G., Fine, L.S., et al. (2011) Cumulative antibiotic exposures over time and the risk of Clostridium difficile infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 53, 42-48. doi:10.1093/cid/cir301
|
[14]
|
Dial, S., Alrasadi, K., Manoukian, C., et al. (2004) Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors: Cohort and case-control studies. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 171, 33-38. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1040876
|
[15]
|
Beaulieu, M., Williamson, D., Pichette, G., et al. (2007) Risk of Clostridium difficile-associated disease among patients receiving proton-pump inhibitors in a Quebec medical intensive care unit. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 28, 1305-1307. doi:10.1086/521664
|
[16]
|
Lowe, D.O., Mamdani, M.M., Kopp, A., et al. (2006) Proton pump inhibitors and hospitalization for Clostridium difficile-associated disease: A population-based study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 43, 1272-1276.
doi:10.1086/508453
|
[17]
|
Karlstrom, O., Fryklund, B., Tullus, K., et al. (1998) A prospective nationwide study of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in Sweden. The Swedish C. difficile Study Group. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26, 141-145.
doi:10.1086/516277
|
[18]
|
Brandt, L.J., Kosche, K.A., Greenwald, D.A., et al. (1999) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in the elderly. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94, 3263-3266.
doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01534.x
|
[19]
|
Yearsley, K.A., Gilby, L.J., Ramadas, A.V., et al. (2006) Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 24, 613-619.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03015.x
|
[20]
|
Janarthanan, S., Ditah, I., Adler, D.G., et al. (2012) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and proton pump inhibitor therapy: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 107, 1001-1010.
doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.179
|