ABSTRACT
This
paper proposes the five different democracies and their international relations.
Democracy literally means that power (kratos) belongs to the common people
(demos) instead of dictators and inherited kings-aristocrats. Different types
of powers and different types of the common people constitute different types
of democracies. Within a democratic nation, the intergroup relation among
different social groups can be competitive or cooperative. The most
conventional democracy is liberal democracy where power, intergroup relation,
and people are liberty, competition, and all people, respectively. The power of
the liberty to compete belongs to all people. All people have liberty to
compete. Democracies in general are the combinations of different powers
(elitism, tradition, liberty, equality, and wellbeing), different intergroup
relations (competition and cooperation), and different people (few, most, and
all). Therefore, depending on powers, intergroup relations, and people, the
five democracies are elite democracy (elitism, competition, few people),
nationalist democracy (tradition, competition, most people), liberal democracy
(liberty, competition, all people), socialist democracy (equality, competition,
all people), and relationalist democracy (wellbeing, cooperation, all people).
Different people in different times, cultures, and political situations have
different democracies. Each democracy has advantages and deficiencies. The
democracies today are mostly mixed democracies to minimize deficiencies. The
optimal mixed democracies have competition, cooperation, tradition, liberty,
equality, and wellbeing. International relations as international intergroup
relations reflect democracies as domestic intergroup politics. Liberal,
socialist, and relationalist democracies are for all people, so they can
generate cooperative international orders (liberal, socialist, and
relationalist) for all nations within their respective democracies. For
example, liberal democracy can generate cooperative liberal international order
for all liberal democratic nations. Elite democracy and nationalist democracy
are not for all people, and are against foreigners, so they can only generate
competitive international relation as competitive realism. Peace and prosperity
in the world can be maintained by proper international relations.