ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze placentas and newborns of patients with high blood pressure
(HBP). Materials
and Methods: Case-control study conducted from 1 January to 31 October 2017
in University Hospital of Brazzaville (birth room, anatomy and pathology
laboratory) and Faculty of Health Sciences of Brazzaville (laboratory of
anatomy and organogenesis). It concerned 40 placentas freshly delivered and
newborns of patients with HBP compared to 40 placentas and newborns of patients
without HBP. The variables analyzed were related to mothers, placentas and the
newborns. Results: The patients were similar in age (26.9 ± 1.2 years VS
26.5 ± 1.1 years, p = 0.17) and parity (1.26 ± 0.7 VS 1.61 ± 0.3, p = 0.26). The type of hypertension in the
cases was dominated by pre-eclampsia
(68%). A significant reduction in placental measurements was more observed in
case of HBP: weight (431 ± 37 g VS 503 ± 26 g,
p < 0.05), diameter (17.40 ± 1.2 cm VS 19.25 ± 1 cm, p < 0.05), and area
(239.82 ± 15.7 cm2 VS 292.1 ± 22.2 cm2, p < 0.05). The
macroscopic lesions were calcifications (75% VS 43.8%, p < 0.05) and the
retro placental hematoma cup (18.8%) among the cases. Microscopic lesions were
more observed in hypertensives: infarction (68.8% VS 18.8%, p = 0.004) and endarteritis (93.8% VS 12.5%, p < 0.05). The
characteristics of newborns were significantly different between the two
populations: prematurity (34.3% VS 9.3%, p < 0.05), mean weight (2577 ± 102 g
VS 3060 ± 109 g, p < 0.05), the average APGAR score (6.7 ± 1.6 VS 7.8 ± 0.9,
p < 0.05), and the neonatal transfer (18.7% VS 3.1%; p < 0.05). Conclusion: High blood pressure affects the placenta and the newborn. The placenta deserves
to be systematically examined.
Share and Cite:
Itoua, C. , Mokoko, J. , Ngakengni, N. , Potokoue, M. , Eouani, L. , Bachir, A. , Peko, J. and Iloki, L. (2019) Placentas and Newborns of Patients Suffering from High Blood Pressure in University Hospital of Brazzaville.
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
9, 649-655. doi:
10.4236/ojog.2019.95064.