Author(s)

E. N. C. Perera¹, D. T. Jayawardana², Pathmakumara Jayasinghe³

¹Institute of Human Resource Advancement (IHRA), University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
²Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Sri Jayewardenepura Universities, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
³Landslides Research and Risk Management Division, National Building Research Organization, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Mass movement in Sri Lanka is mainly triggered by heavy rainfall. International literature is rich of works defining rainfall intensity-duration models to identify the rainfall threshold for various types of Mass movement. However, studies have not focused to establish a relationship between intensity and duration of rainfall in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study focused to establish rainfall intensity-duration models to identify the rainfall threshold for mass movements in Badulla district in Sri Lanka, where forty four (44) rainfall events that resulted in same number of landslides during the last three decades were considered. Results indicate the rainfall threshold relationship fits to the log linear model of the exponential function, I = α·D^-β. The constructed I-D curve revealed that short duration (<2 h) and high-intensity (>54 mm/h) in rainfall events can potentially trigger the landslide. However, long-duration (>8 h) and low-intensity (<25 mm/h) in rainfall events may also trigger mass movements in Badulla. As per the results, most mass movements occur during northeast monsoons and inter-monsoons. In general, higher mean rainfall intensities trigger the debris flows, while long-duration rainfall events can trigger both landslides and debris flow. When compared to Sri Lankan mass movements triggering threshold intensities are fairly higher than the global threshold values. It confirms that within Badulla, mass movements are triggered by very high intense and/or long duration rainfalls events only. Further, time series analysis of the rainfall events shows an upward trend of extreme rainfall events, which increased landslide occurring frequency in last six (6) years.

Rainfall Intensity-Duration, Rainfall Threshold, Landslide, Debris Flow, Cutting Failure, Slope Failure, Trigger Mass Movements

Perera, E. , Jayawardana, D. and Jayasinghe, P. (2017) A Rainfall Intensity-Duration Threshold for Mass Movement in Badulla, Sri Lanka. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 5, 135-152. doi: 10.4236/gep.2017.512010.