Author(s)

Jean Georges André Moulongo^1,2*, Elvina Lys Surêche Massamba¹, Alphonse Massamba^1,3, Bernard Packa Tchissambou¹

¹Effort Laboratory of Physiology, Biomechanics, Superior Institute of Physical Education, University Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo.
²Division of Research, Documentation and the Files, National Institute of Youth and Sports, Brazzaville, Congo.
³Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Human Motricity, Superior Institute of Physical Education, University Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo.

Context: Several studies were conducted on physiology of apnea in scuba diving. No survey has been reported in fighting sports. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular variations misled by voluntary apnea during groundwork techniques of judo training. Methods: The temporal evolution of heart rate and modifications of the blood pressure have been investigated during cross sectional and experimental study. A total of 28 Congolese judoists took part in the study. The voluntary apnea was achieved by a judoist to try to carry out two kinds of groundwork (hon-gesagatame and kamishiho-gatame). According to the case, Student t test and analysis of variance were used for comparing data. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the effect of “type of groundwork technique × category of weight”. Results: Between 0 and 3 seconds, tachycardia has been observed during the static groundwork techniques and then bradycardia occurred to 3 - 9 seconds for the dynamic groundwork techniques : +6.8% of the rest frequency versus -9.4% for hon-gesa; +4.9% versus -13.7% for kami-shiho. Thereafter, it followed a fluctuation of heart rate of 9 - 15 seconds. Beyond, a stagnation was noted for hongesa, whereas a minimal increase (<5%) for kami-shiho. In relation to the systolic arterial pressure, a meaningful rise was recovered: +46.5% (hon-gesa) versus +50.1% (kami-shiho) in static exercise; +43.4% (hon-gesa) versus +43.3% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. The report was similar for the diastolic arterial pressure: +31.5% (hon-gesa) versus 30.0% (kami-shiho) in static exercise; +20.3% (hon-gesa) versus +23.8% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. Conclusion: The apnea consecutive to the hindrance of an exit groundwork technique to judo drags bradycardia increased while exercise realized static posture, and a rise of the arterial pressure.

Apnea, Heart Rate, Arterial Pressure, Groundwork Technique of Judo

Moulongo, J. , Massamba, E. , Massamba, A. and Tchissambou, B. (2016) Effects of Voluntary Apnea on Haemodynamic Responses during Groundwork Techniques of Judo. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6, 300-311. doi: 10.4236/wjcd.2016.69034.