Author(s)

Michael Kyakula^*, Simon Okiror, Paul Kawesa

Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda.

About half the population in developing countries lack safe excreta disposal facilities. Improper wastewater disposal contaminates groundwater resulting in spread of water related diseases such as typhoid, cholera, dysentery. This research experimentally tested the applicability of charcoal and saw dust packed membranes as sewage purifiers for on-site sanitation systems like, septic tanks, cesspool, pit latrines, pour-flush pit excreta systems. Tests for E. coli, COD and BOD of the influent which was raw sewerage from sewers and effluent from layered saw dust and charcoal purifying materials experimental setup were separately carried out. The layers were varied from 150 mm, 200 mm and 300 mm with 150 mm layers of gravel in between. The experimental tests showed that 300 mm charcoal layers with a 150 mm gravel middle layer, reduced E. coli from 4800×10¹⁴ CFU/100ml to 1.08×10⁴ CFU/100ml, BOD5 from 698 mg/l to 0.5 mg/l, COD from 1492 mg/l to 3.0 mg/l against environmental standards of 1.0×10⁴ CFU/100ml, 50 mg/l, and 100 mg/l respectively and its efficiency is directly proportional to thickness of charcoal dust layers. In conclusion, introducing a lined purification chamber with layers of charcoal dust between the on-site sanitation system and soak pit will eliminate the pollution of ground water.

Elimination of Pollution, Groundwater, Membrane Filters

Kyakula, M. , Okiror, S. and Kawesa, P. (2015) Elimination of Pollution of Groundwater by On-Site Sanitation Systems. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7, 1449-1456. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.717118.