The cerebellum, the hypothalamus and behavior

Ivana Gritti

Department Clinical Science-Luigi Sacco, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.

DOI: 10.4236/ns.2013.57100                

Abstract

The cerebellum has been classically considered as the subcortical center for motor control. However, accumulating experimental evidence has revealed that it also plays an important role in cognition, for instance, in learning and memory, as well as in emotional behavior and nonsomatic activities, such as visceral and immunological responses.

Keywords

Cerebellum; Hypothalamus; Behavior; Memory; Plasticity; Learning; Repair

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Brodal, A. (1981) Neurological anatomy. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[2]	Strata, P. (2009) David Marr’s theory of cerebellar learning: 40 years later. Journal Physiology, 587, 5519-5520. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.180307
[3]	Strata, P., Provini, L. and Redman, S. (2012) On the concept of spinocerebellum. Proceeding National Academy Science of USA, 109, E623. doi:10.1073/pnas.1121224109
[4]	Dalal, S.S., Osipova, D., Bertrand, O. and Jerbi, K. (2013) Oscillatory activity of the human cerebellum: The intracranial electrocerebellogram revisited. Neuroscience Bio behavioral Reviews.
[5]	Zhu, L., Sacco, T., Strata, P. and Sacchetti, B. (2011) Basolateral amygdala inactivation impairs learning-induced long-term potentiation in the cerebellar cortex. PLoS ONE, 6, e16673. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016673
[6]	Dietrichs, E. (1984) Cerebellar autonomic function: Direct hypothalamocerebellar pathway. Science, 223, 591-593. doi:10.1126/science.6198719
[7]	Zhu, J.N., Yung, W.H., Chow, B.K.C., Chan, Y.S. and Wang, J.J. (2006) The cerebellar-hypothalamic circuits: Potential pathways underlying cerebellar involvement in somatic-visceral integration. Brain Research Review, 52, 93-106. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.01.003
[8]	Harper, J.W. and Heath, R.G. (1973) Anatomical connections of the fastigial nucleus to the rostral forebrain in the cat. Experimental Neurology, 39, 285-292. doi:10.1016/0014-4886(73)90231-8
[9]	Rath, M.F., Rode, K. and Moller, M. (2012) Circadian oscillations of molecular clock components in the cerebellar cortex of the rat. Chronobiology International, 29, 1289-1299. doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.728660
[10]	Zangh, X.Y., Yu, L., Zhuang, Q.X., Zhang, J., Zhu, J.N. and Wang, J.J. (2013) Hypothalamic histaminergic and orexinergic modulation on cerebellar and vestibular mo tor control. Cerebellum, 12, 294-296. doi:10.1007/s12311-012-0442-y
[11]	Cao, B.B., Han, X.H., Huang, Y., Qiu, Y.H. and Peng Y.P. (2012) The hypothalamus mediates the effect of cerebellar fastigial nuclear glutamatergic neurons on humoral immunity. Neurological Endocrinological Letters, 33, 393-400.
[12]	D’Angelo, E. and Casali, S. (2013) Seeking a unified frame work for cerebellar function and dysfunction: From circuit operations to cognition. Frontiers in Neuronal Circuits, 6, 1-20. doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00116
[13]	Sacchetti, B., Baldi, E., Ambrogi, L.C. and Bucherelli, C. (2002) Cerebellar role in fear conditioning consolidation. Proceeding of National Academy Science USA, 99, 8406-8411. doi:10.1073/pnas.112660399
[14]	Sacchetti, B., Scelfo, B., Tempia, F. and Strata, P. (2004) Long-term synaptic changes induced in the cerebellar cortex by fear conditioning. Neuron, 42, 973-982. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.05.012
[15]	Strata, P. and Rossi, F. (1998) Plasticity of the olivocere bellar pathway. Trends Neuroscience, 21, 407-413.
[16]	Bravin, M., Morando, L., Vercelli, A., Rossi, F. and Strata, P. (1999) Control of spine formation by electrical activity in the adult cerebellum. Proceeding of National Academy Science USA, 96, 1704-1709. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1704
[17]	Morando, L., Cesa, R., Rasetti, R., Harvey, H. and Strata, P. (2001) Role of glutamate delta2 receptors in activity dependent competition between heterologous afferent fibers. Proceeding of National Academy Science USA, 98, 9954-5999. doi:10.1073/pnas.171098398
[18]	Cesa, R., Morando, L. and Strata, P. (2003) Glutamate receptor d2 subunit in activity dependent heterologous synaptic competition. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 2363-2370.
[19]	Scelfo, B. and Strata, P. (2005) Correlation between multiple climbing fiber regression and parallel fiber response development in the post-natal mouse cerebellum. European Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 971-978. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03933.x
[20]	Grasselli, G. and Strata, P. (2013) Structural plasticity of climbing fibers and the growth-associated protein GAP 43. Frontiers in Neuronal Circuits, 7, 1-7. doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00025