[1]
|
M. R. Hjelmfelt, “Numerical Simulation of the Effects of St. Louis on Mesoscale Boundary-Layer Airflow and Vertical Motion: Simulations of Urban vs Non-Urban Effects,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 21, No. 9, 1982, pp. 1239-1257.
doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<1239:NSOTEO>2.0.CO;2
|
[2]
|
R. Bornstein and Q. Lin, “Urban Heat Islands and Summertime Convective Thunderstorms in Atlanta: Three Cases Studies,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2000, pp. 507-516. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00374-X
|
[3]
|
C. M. Rozoff, W. R. Cotton and J. O. Adegoke, “Simulation of St. Louis, Missouri, Land Use Impacts on Thunderstorms,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 42, No. 6, 2003, pp. 716-738.
doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0716:SOSLML>2.0.CO;2
|
[4]
|
M. Jin, J. M. Shepherd and M. D. King, “Urban Aerosols and Their Variations with Clouds and Rainfall: A Case Study for New York and Houston,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. D10, 2005, Article ID: D10S20. doi:10.1029/2004JD005081
|
[5]
|
S. C. van den Heever and W. R. Cotton, “Urban Aerosol Impacts on Downwind Convective Storms,” Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2007, pp. 828-850. doi:10.1175/JAM2492.1
|
[6]
|
T. L. Bell, D. Rosenfeld, K.-M. Kim, J.-M. Yoo, M.-I. Lee and M. Hahnenberger, “Midweek Increase in US Summer Rain and Storm Heights Suggests Air Pollution Invigorates Rainstorms,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, No. D2, 2008. Article ID: D02209.
doi:10.1029/2007JD008623
|
[7]
|
J-Y. Han, J-J. Baik and A. P. Khain, “A Numerical Study of Urban Aerosol Impacts on Clouds and Precipitation,” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 2, 2012, pp. 504-520. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-071.1
|
[8]
|
H. E. Landsberg, “Man-Made Climate Changes: Man’s Activities Have Altered the Climate of Urbanized Areas and May Affect Global Climate in the Future,” Science, Vol. 170, No. 3964, 1970, pp. 1265-1274.
doi:10.1126/science.170.3964.1265
|
[9]
|
S. A. Changnon, “Rainfall Changes in Summer Caused by St. Louis,” Science, Vol. 205, No. 4404, 1979, pp. 402-404. doi:10.1126/science.205.4404.402
|
[10]
|
S. A. Changnon and F. A. Huff, “The Urban Related-Nocturnal Rainfall Anomaly at St. Louis,” Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, Vol. 25, No. 12, 1986, pp. 1985-1995.
doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1985:TURNRA>2.0.CO;2
|
[11]
|
E. Jauregui and E. Romales, “Urban Effects on Convective Precipitation in Mexico City,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 30, No. 20, 1996, pp. 3383-3389.
doi:10.1016/1352-2310(96)00041-6
|
[12]
|
J. M. Shepherd, H. Pierce and A. J. Negri, “Rainfall Modification by Major Urban Areas: Observations from Spaceborne Rain Radar on the TRMM Satellite,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 41, No. 7, 2002, pp. 689-701.
doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0689:RMBMUA>2.0.CO;2
|
[13]
|
P. G. Dixon and T. L. Mote, “Patterns and Causes of Atlanta’s Urban Heat Island-Initiated Precipitation,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 42, No. 9, 2003, pp. 1273-1284. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1273:PACOAU>2.0.CO;2
|
[14]
|
T. L. Mote, M. C. Lacke and J. M. Shepherd, “Radar Signatures of the Urban Effect on Precipitation Distribution: A Case Study for Atlanta, Georgia,” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, No. 20, 2007, Article ID: L20710. doi:10.1029/2007GL031903
|
[15]
|
L. S. Rose, J. A. Stallins and M. L. Bentley, “Concurrent Cloud-to-Ground Lightning and Precipitation Enhancement in the Atlanta, Georgia (United States), Urban Region,” Earth Interactions, Vol. 12, No. 11, 2008, pp. 1-30. doi:10.1175/2008EI265.1
|
[16]
|
M. Yoshino, “Climate Change in the Urban Area in Japan and the Foreign Countries,” Meteorological Research Note, No. 133, 1977, pp. 1-25. (in Japanese)
|
[17]
|
T. Yonetani, “Increase in Number of Days with Heavy Precipitation in Tokyo Urban Area,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 21, No. 10, 1982, pp. 1466-1471.
doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<1466:IINODW>2.0.CO;2
|
[18]
|
T. Yonetani, “Enhancement and Initiation of a Cumulus by a Heat Island,” Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 61, No. 2, 1983, pp. 244-253. (in Japanese)
|
[19]
|
T. Yonetani, “Study of the Urban Effects on the Occurrence of Convective Precipitation,” Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, No. 44, 1989, pp. 1-59.
|
[20]
|
F. Fujibe, “Spatial Anomalies and Long-Term Changes of Precipitation in Tokyo,” Tenki, Vol. 45, No. 1, 1998, pp. 7-18. (in Japanese)
|
[21]
|
N. Sato and M. Takahashi, “Long-Term Changes in the Properties of Summer Precipitation in the Tokyo Area,” Tenki, Vol. 47, No. 9, 2000, pp. 643-648. (in Japanese)
|
[22]
|
T. Sato, T. Terashima, T. Inoue and F. Kimura, “Intensification of Convective Precipitation Systems over Tokyo Urban Area in Summer Season,” Tenki, Vol. 53, No. 6, 2006, pp. 479-484. (in Japanese)
|
[23]
|
M. Roth, T. R. Oke and W. J. Emery, “Satellite-Derived Urban Heat Islands from Three Coastal Cities and the Utilization of Such Data in Urban Climatology,” International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, No. 11, 1989, pp. 1699-1720. doi:10.1080/01431168908904002
|
[24]
|
Demographia, “Demographia World Urban Areas,” 8th Edition, 2013.
http://esa.un.org/unup/pdf/WUP2011_Highlights.pdf
|
[25]
|
United Nations, “World Urbanization Prospects. The 2011 Revision,” 2013.
http://esa.un.org/unup/pdf/WUP2011_Highlights.pdf
|
[26]
|
C. J. Price, “Land Surface Temperature Measurement from the Split Window Channels of the NOAA 7 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 89, No. D5, 1984, pp. 7231-7237. doi:10.1029/JD089iD05p07231
|
[27]
|
F. Fujibe, K. Sakagami, K. Chubachi and K. Yamashita, “Surface Wind Patterns Preceding Short-time Heavy Rainfall in Tokyo in the Afternoon of Midsummer Days,” Tenki, Vol. 49, No. 5, 2002, pp. 395-405. (in Japanese)
|
[28]
|
T. Mikami, H. Yamamoto, H. Ando, H. Yokoyama, T. Yamaguchi, M. Ichino, Y. Akiyama and K. Ishii, “Climatological Study on the Summer Intensive Heavy Rainfall in Tokyo,” Annual Report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection, 2005, pp. 33-42. (in Japanese)
|