Influence of Organic Manures on Yield and Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in Rice-Blackgram Cropping Sequence

S. P. Sangeetha, A. Balakrishnan, P. Devasenapathy

Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India..

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.45141                

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during rabi and summer seasons of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 to study the influence of organic manures (enriched farmyard manure compost, vermicompost, farmyard manure + neem cake, enriched farmyard manure compost + vermicompost + farmyard manure, composted poultry manure and enriched poultry manure compost) and recommended NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of rice and blackgram in rice-blackgram cropping sequence. Based on field experiments, it was found that the application of enriched poultry manure compost on equal N basis (2.3 t·ha^-1) recorded higher yield attributes and grain yield of rice (4675 kg·ha^-1 in 2007 and 4953 kg·ha^-1 in 2008), which was however comparable with composted poultry manure. The application of recommended NPK fertilizers recorded higher physical characteristics and cooking qualities of rice, which was comparable with enriched poultry manure compost. Higher sensory score was registered in enriched poultry manure compost as compared to recommended NPK through fertilizers. After harvesting of rice, the residual effect of enriched poultry manure compost and composted poultry manure applied to preceding rice crop improved yield attributes and yield of succeeding blackgram.

Keywords

Organic Manures; Rice-Blackgram Cropping; Yield; Quality

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	M. Sharma, C. S. Pandey and B. S. Mahapatra, “Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Rice and Wheat in Rice-Wheat Cropping System under Organic Mode of Cultivation,” Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2008, pp. 19-23.
[2]	A. V. Dahiphale, D. G. Giri, G. V. Thakre and M. D. Gin, “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Yield Contributing Parameters of the Scented Rice,” Annals of Plant Physiology, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2003, pp. 24-26.
[3]	A. Singh, R. D. Singh and R. P. Awasthi, “Organic Andinorganic Sources of Fertilizers for Sustained Productivity in Rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) Sequences on Humid Hilly Soils of Sikkim,” Indian Journal of Agronomy, Vol. 41, No. 2, 1996, pp. 191-194.
[4]	T. T. Sims, D. W. Murphy and T. S. Handweker, “Composting of Poultry Wastes: Implication for Dead Poultry Disposal and Manure Management,” Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1992, pp. 67-82. doi:10.1300/J064v02n04_07
[5]	M. S. Khan and C. A. Ali, “Cooking Qualities of Some Rice Varieties,” Journal of Agriculture Research, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1985, pp. 231-233.
[6]	B. M. Watts, G. L. Jlimaki, L. E. Jeffery and L. G. Elias, “Basic Sensory Methods for Food Evaluation,” International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, 1989, pp. 1-16.
[7]	K. A. Gomez and A. A. Gomez, “Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research,” John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi, 1984, p. 680.
[8]	G. Devegowda, “Poultry Manure Excreta and Other Wastes as a Source of Organic Manures,” In: Training Course on Organic Farming, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, 1997, pp. 7-11.
[9]	S. Mohandas, V. Paramasivam and N. Sakthivel, “Phosphorus and Zinc Enriched Organics for Enhancing the Yield of Transplanted Rice in New Cauvery Delta, Tamil Nadu,” Journal of Ecobiology, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2008, pp. 73-76.
[10]	R. S. Seshadri, B. Shivaraj, V. C. Reddy and M. G. Ananda, “Direct Effect of Fertilizers and Residual Effect of Organic Manures on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Groundnut-Maize Cropping System,” Crop Research, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2005, pp. 390-395.
[11]	A. Kenchaiah, “Organic Farming in Rice,” Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 1997.
[12]	B. K. Yadav and A. C. Lourduraj, “Effect of Organic Manures and Panchagavya Spray on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.),” Crop Research, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2006, pp. 1-5.
[13]	Nguyen, Van Quyen, S. N. Sharma and R. C. Gautam, “Comparative Study of Organic and Traditional Farming for Sustainable Rice Production,” Omonrice, Vol. 10, 2002, pp. 74-78.
[14]	S. C. Hsieh, “Technology for Sustainable Agriculture in Taiwan, Sustainable Food Production in the Asian and Specific Region,” FFTC Book Series No. 48, pp. 15-21.
[15]	P. Senthil Kumaran and V. Vadivel, “Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture,” Spice India, 2001, pp. 2-4.