Identification, Characterization and Evaluation of Crystal Forms of Quinine Sulphate

Maninder Karan, Renu Chadha, Kunal Chadha, Poonam Arora

University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

DOI: 10.4236/pp.2012.32020                

Abstract

Crystal engineering concept has been utilized to modify the physico-chemical parameters of a naturally occurring alkaloid, quinine sulphate, by exploring its H-bond interactions to generate different forms. Quinine sulphate is found to exist in four different crystal forms. The Forms I and II depict endo/exo events suggesting conversion of metastable low melting forms to higher melting and stable form indicated by sharp melting endotherms. The low melting form I_L is found to be monotropically related to high melting Form I_H while low melting Form II_L is enantiotropically related to high melting Form II_H. The Form III and IV showed broad endotherms accompanied by mass loss in TGA prior to melting indicating the existence of solvatomorphism. The solvent molecules are tightly bound in the crystal lattice of the drug molecules which is shown by high values of the binding energies of the solvents in these two forms. The enthalpy of solution was found to be endothermic for all the forms which followed the order: Form O > Form II > Form III > Form I > Form IV and is further related to the lattice energy suggesting Form II to be least crystalline. The solubility for Form II was found to be highest with maximum release rate in dissolution studies. The effectiveness of new polymorphic forms was confirmed by performing in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection. The studies have shown an increase in antimalarial activity of Form IV concluding a successful development of new polymorphic form.

Keywords

Quinine Sulphate; Enthalpy; Polymorphs; Solvates; Crystals

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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