Measuring and simulating maize (Zea mays L.) yield responses to reduced tillage and mulching under semi-arid conditions

Walter Mupangwa, John Dimes, Sue Walker, Stephen Twomlow

CIMMYT Regional Office, P O Box MP 163, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
CRISAT, Matopos Research Station, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa;.

DOI: 10.4236/as.2011.23023                

Abstract

Rainfed smallholder agriculture in semi-arid environments of sub-Saharan Africa faces many challenges. Productivity of the smallholder agricultural systems has been on the decline in recent years. Conservation agriculture practices have a potential of steering the smallholder agricultural systems of sub-Saharan Africa to greater and more sustainable levels. This study was designed to calibrate the APSIM model so that it could be used as a tool for understanding the long term impact of conservation agriculture techniques (mulching, tine ripping and planting basins) on the productivity of smallholder systems under semi-arid conditions. The APSIM model predicted reasonably well the seasonal and mulching effects on maize production on sand and clay soils. Under these semi-arid conditions the use of 10 kg.N.ha^–1 is preferable under both conventional and basin tillage systems. Planting basins offer a better chance of getting maize grain yield than the conventional system in southern Zimbabwe at N quantities ranging from 0 kg.ha^–1 to 52 kg.ha^–1. This modelling exercise suggested that smallholder farmers are still prone to complete crop failure in some years despite the use of available conservation agriculture systems.

Keywords

Nitrogen-Modelling-Planting Basins-Semi Arid-Variable Rainfall-Zimbabwe

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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