Validity and Reliability of the Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self Scale: Solving a New Type of Depression

doi:10.4236/psych.2015.68098

Home > Journals > Social Sciences & Humanities > PSYCH

PSYCH> Vol.6 No.8, June 2015

Share This Article:

Open Access

Validity and Reliability of the Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self Scale: Solving a New Type of Depression

Full-Text HTML XML

Download as PDF (Size:310KB) PP. 1013-1021

DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.68098 3,042 Downloads 3,789 Views Citations

Author(s) Leave a comment

Itsuki Yamakawa¹, Masaki Muranaka¹, Shinji Sakamoto²

Affiliation(s)

¹Graduate School of Literature and Social Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
²College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.

ABSTRACT

Although “modern-type” depression (MTD), having different features than melancholic-type depression, has become problematic in Japan especially since the late 1990s, there are few psychological studies of MTD. Sakamoto, Muranaka, and Yamakawa (2014) proposed a psychological framework depicting the onset of MTD, and coined a new concept of interpersonal sensitivity/ privileged self, which is assumed to be a vulnerability factor for MTD. In the present study, we examined the validity and reliability of the Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self Scale (IPS; Muranaka, Yamakawa, & Sakamoto, 2014), which has two superordinate factors, namely Interpersonal Sensitivity (IS: 16 items) and Privileged Self (PS: 9 items). Because MTD is presumed to overlap with atypical depression, it was expected that the IPS score in an atypical depression group would be higher than in a melancholic depression group, and the IPS score would be positively correlated with the depressive symptoms. Participants were 112 (70 male, 42 female) Japanese undergraduates, aged 18 - 25 years (M = 19.19, SD = 2.07). Cronbach’s α of the IPS was 0.90 (IS: α = 0.91, PS: α = 0.72). As we predicted, the IPS, IS, and PS were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. ANOVAs revealed significant differences in the scores of the IPS, IS, and PS among depression types. Post-hoc analyses showed that scores for anatypical depression group were significantly higher than those for a melancholic group and an unclassified-type group. These results support our prediction that IPS scores manifest differently in MTD and melancholic depression; validity and reliability of the IPS were confirmed.

KEYWORDS

Depression, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Personality, Atypical, Japanese Undergraduates

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Cite this paper

Yamakawa, I. , Muranaka, M. and Sakamoto, S. (2015) Validity and Reliability of the Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self Scale: Solving a New Type of Depression. Psychology, 6, 1013-1021. doi: 10.4236/psych.2015.68098.

References

[1]	Abe, T. (2012). Changeable and Immature “New Type Depression”: Consideration on Depression Today from the Psychopathological Viewpoint. Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12, 469-474. (In Japanese)

[2]	Abe, T., Otsuka, K., Nagano, M., Kato, S., & Miyamoto, T. (1995). A Consideration on “Immature Type of Depression”: Premorbid Personalities and Clinical Pictures of Depression from the Structural-Dynamic Viewpoint (W. Janzarik). Japanese Journal of Psychopathology, 16, 239-248. (In Japanese)

[3]	American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

[4]	Boyce, P., & Parker, G. (1989). Development of a Scale to Measure Interpersonal Sensitivity. Australasian Psychiatry, 23, 341-351.

[5]	Boyce, P., Hickie, I., Parker, G., Mitchell, P., Wilhelm, K., & Brodaty, H. (1993). Specificity of Interpersonal Sensitivity to Non-Melancholic Depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 27, 101-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(93)90082-U

[6]	Fukunishi, I., & Fukunishi, A. (2012). The Manual for the Global Scale of Depression. Aoyama: Aoyama Psychological Clinical Education Center.

[7]	Hamilton, M. (1960). A Rating Scale for Depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56

[8]	Hirose, T. (1977). Tohi-gatautsu-byonitsuite. In T. Miyamoto (Ed.), Psychopathology of Manic—Depressive Illness 2 (pp. 61-86). Tokyo: Kobundo.

[9]	Japanese Society of Mood Disorders, Committee for the Creation of Treatment Guidelines on Mood Disorders (2012). Treatment Guidelines II, Major Depressive Disorder 2012 ver. 1. http://www.secretariat.ne.jp/jsmd/mood_disorder/img/130924.pdf

[10]	Kanba, S. (2011). The Modern Society and Depression (1). SAISHIN IGAKU, 66, 1046-1048.

[11]	Kasahara, Y., & Kimura, B. (1975). Clinical Classification of Depression. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi, 77, 715-735.

[12]	Kato, T., Shinfuku, N., Fujisawa, D., Tateno, M., Ishida, T., Akiyama, T. et al. (2011). Introducing the Concept of Modern Depression in Japan; an International Case Vignette Survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 135, 66-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.030

[13]	Kawakita, J. (1967). Method of Conception. Tokyo: Chuo-shinsho.

[14]	Matsunami, K., & Yamashita, Y. (1991). Social Changes and Depression. Japanese Journal of Social Psychiatry, 14, 193- 200.

[15]	Montgomery, S. A., & Asberg, M. (1979). A New Depression Scale Designed to be Sensitive to Change. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 382-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.134.4.382

[16]	Muranaka, M., Yamakawa, I., & Sakamoto, S. (2014). Development of the Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self Scale (1): Relationship with Severity and Type of Depression. The 11th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Mood Disorders, Hiroshima, 18-19 July 2014, 186.

[17]	Muranaka, M., Yamakawa, I., & Sakamoto, S. (2015). How Do Clinicians Define “Modern Type Depression”? Extraction from Books and the Survey to Clinicians. Psychological Research, Nihon University, 36, 44-51.

[18]	Natsume, M. (2012). Awareness and Support by Referring to the Case of Mental Health (7) Modern type depression Part 1 Definition and Hardship in the Workplace, Industrial Safety and Health, 63, 697-699.

[19]	R Development Core Team (2012). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org/

[20]	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306

[21]	Sakamoto, S., Muranaka, M., & Yamakawa, I. (2014). “Self” in the Interface of Social and Clinical PsychologyThrough the Discussion of Modern Type Depression. Japanese Psychological Review, 57, 405-429.

[22]	Shimoda, M. (1932). On the Treatment of Involutional Depression in my Department. Taiwan Igaku Zasshi (Formosa Med J), 31, 113-115.

[23]	Tarumi, S. (2005). The “New” Variant of Depression: The Dysthymic Type. Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 34, 687-694.

[24]	Tarumi, S., & Kanba, S. (2005). The Dysthymic Type of Depression: An Essay on Socio-Cultural Aspects of Depression. Japanese Bulletin of Social Psychiatry, 13, 129-136.

[25]	Tellenbach, H. (1961). Melancholie. Berlin: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12458-1

[26]	Walters Jr., P. A. (1961) Student Apathy. In G. B. Blame Jr., & C. C. McArthur (Eds.), Emotional Problems of the Students (pp. 129-147). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

[27]	Yamakawa, I., & Sakamoto, S. (2015). Insisting on Depression, but Not Showing Symptoms: A Japanese Study of Excuse-Making. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7, 146-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v7n2p146

[28]	Yoshino, S. (2009). Is it Really “Depressive Disorder”? The Countermeasures against “Working Depression” in Companies are Full of Mistakes. Tokyo: Kodansya.

[29]	Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A Self Rating Depression Scale Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008