Gradients of Al/Al₂O₃ nanostructures for screening mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation

Michael Veith, Cécile Dufloux, Soraya Rasi Ghaemi, Cenk Aktas, Nicolas H. Voelcker

Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyINM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, CVD/Biosurfaces Group, Saarbrücken, Germany.
INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, CVD/Biosurfaces Group, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Mawson Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment Division Office, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.

DOI: 10.4236/ojrm.2013.23011                

Abstract

By decomposing a molecular precursor we fabricated a novel surface based on an aluminium/aluminiumoxide composite incorporating nanotopography gradient to address high-throughput and fast analysis method for studying stem cell differentiation by nanostructures. Depending on the topography of the nanostructures, mesenchymal stem cells exhibit a diverse proliferation and differentiation behavior.

Keywords

Gradient; Nanowires; Stem Cell;Topography

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Jung, D.R., Kapur, R., Adams, T., Giuliano, K.A., Mrksich, M., Craighead, H.G. and Taylor, D.L. (2001) Topographical and physicochemical modification of material surface to enable patterning of living cells. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 21, 111-154. doi:10.1080/20013891081700
[2]	Oha, S., Brammera, K.S., Lib, Y.S.J., Teng, D., Engler, A.J., Chien, S. and Jina, S. (2008) Stem cell fate dictated solely by altered nanotube dimensions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 2307.
[3]	Bettinger, C.J., Langer, R. and Borenstein, J.T. (2009) Engineering substrate topography at the microand nanoscale to control cell function. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48, 5406-5415. doi:10.1002/anie.200805179
[4]	Chou, L., Firth, J.D., Uitto, V.J. and Brunette, D.M. (1995) Substratum surface topography alters cell shape and regulates fibronectin mRNA level, mRNA stability, secretion and assembly in human fibroblasts. Journal of Cell Science, 108, 1563.
[5]	McNamara, L.E., McMurray, R.J., Biggs, M.J.P., Kantawong, F., Oreffo, R.O.C. and Dalby, M.J. (2010) Nanotopographical control of stem cell differentiation. Journal of Tissue Engineering, 1, 120623. doi:10.4061/2010/120623
[6]	Chen, W., Villa-Diaz, L.G., Sun, Y., Weng, S., Kim, J.K., Lam, R.H.W., Han, L., Fan, R., Krebsbach, P.H. and Fu, J. (2012) Nanotopography influences adhesion, spreading, and self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells. ACS Nano, 6, 4094-4103. doi:10.1021/nn3004923
[7]	Zouani, O.F., Chanseau, C., Brouillaud, B., Bareille, R., Deliane, F., Foulc, M.-P., Mehdi, A. and Durrieu, M.-C. (2012) Altered nanofeature size dictates stem cell differentiation. Journal of Cell Science, 125, 1217-1244. doi:10.1242/jcs.093229
[8]	Oh, S., Brammer, K.S., Li, Y.S.J., Teng, D., Engler, A.J., Chien, S. and Jin, S. (2009) Stem cell fate dictated solely by altered nanotube dimension. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 2130-2135. doi:10.1073/pnas.0813200106
[9]	Martinez Mìro, M. (2012) Topographical control and characterization of Al/Al2O3 nanowire coatings for improved osseointegration of implant materials. Ph.D. Thesis, Saarland University, Saarbrücken.
[10]	Wu, J., Mao, Z., Tan, H., Han, L., Ren, T. and Gao, C. (2012) Gradient biomaterials and their influences on cell migration. Interface Focus, 2, 337-355. doi:10.1098/rsfs.2011.0124
[11]	Kunzler, T.P., Huwiler, C., Drobeka, T., Voros, J. and Spencer, N.D. (2007) Systematic study of osteoblast response to nanotopography by means of nanoparticledensity gradients. Biomaterials, 28, 5000-5006. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.009
[12]	Wang, P.Y., Clements, L.R., Thissen, H., Jane, A., Tsai, W.B. and Voelcker, N.H. (2012) Screening mesenchymal stem cell attachment and differentiation on porous silicon gradients. Advanced Functional Materials, 22, 3414-3424. doi:10.1002/adfm.201200447
[13]	Walpole, A.R., Briggs, E.P., Karlsson, M., Palsgard, E. and Wilshaw, P.R. (2003) Nano-porous alumina coatings for improved bone implant interfaces. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 34, 1064-1068. doi:10.1002/mawe.200300707
[14]	Veith, M., Sow, E., Werner, U., Petersen, C. and Aktas, O.C. (2008) The transformation of core/shell aluminium/alumina nanoparticles into nanowires. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 33, 5181-5184. doi:10.1002/ejic.200800890
[15]	Veith, M., Lee, J., Miró, M.M., Akkan, C.K., Dufloux, C. and Aktas, O.C. (2012) Bi-phasic nanostructures for functional applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 41, 5117-5130. doi:10.1039/c2cs15345a
[16]	Veith, M., Lee, J., Schmid, H. and Aktas, C. (2013) Ultra-rapid growth of biphasic nanowires in microand hypergravity. Small, 9, 1042-1046. doi:10.1002/smll.201201833