Prepared of Nd: TiO₂ Nano Particles Powder as IR Filter via Sol-Gel

Mohammed A. Hamza, Fawaz N. Saiof, Adnan S. Al-ithawi, Majda A. Ameen, Hanna M. Yaseen

College of Science for Woman, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Higher Institute for Laser research, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian.

DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2013.32024                

Abstract

Doped and undoped nanostructured titanium dioxides were prepared via Sol-Gel method under varying conditions to investigate the effects of neodymium ion doping on the titania optical properties in MID IR range. X-ray diffraction analyses show that the amorphous structure of the prepared samples turns to anatas polycrystalline structure after annealing process at 500°C. FTIR spectrums for pure and doped samples after annealing show a single transmission peak at wave number around 1200 cm^-1. The transmission rate of the peak depends on Nd³⁺ concentrations and its value rises from 1.82% (for pure TiO₂) to 86.9% (for doped with 12%wt Nd³⁺). Shifting on the peak occurs with a maximal shift at 7%wt Nd³⁺ and then becomes stable at higher concentration. FTIR spectra give a good indication in the direction of preparation of optical band-pass filter at a wavelength around 8.34 μm (~1200 cm^-1).

Keywords

Sol-Gel; Nano Technology; TiO₂ ; MID IR Optical Filter

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	B. J. Livage, M. Henry, J. P. Jolivet, et al., “Fine Particles Part II: Formation Mechanisms and Application,” MRS Bulletin XV, Vol. 1, 1990, pp. 18-25.
[2]	B. J. J. Zelinski and D. R. Uhlmann, “Gel Technology in Ceramics,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 45, No. 10, 1984, pp. 1069-1090. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(84)90049-0
[3]	J. Livage, M. Henry and C. Sanchez, “Sol-Gel Chemistry of Transition Metal Oxides,” Progress in Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1988, pp. 259-342. doi:10.1016/0079-6786(88)90005-2
[4]	S. Sakka and K. Kamiya, “Glasses from Metal Alcoholates,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 42, No. 1-3, 1980, pp. 403-422. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(80)90040-X
[5]	E. Yoldas, “Preparation of Glasses and Ceramics from Metal-Organic Compounds,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1977, pp. 1203-1208. doi:10.1007/BF02426858
[6]	J. P. Boilot, F. Chaput, T. Gacoin, et al., “Organic-Inorganic Solids by Sol-Gel and Optical Applications,” C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. 322b, 1996, pp. 27-43.
[7]	M. Pal, J. G. Serrano, P. Santiago, et al., “Size-Controlled Synthesis of Spherical TiO2 Na-noparticles: Morphology, Crystallization, and Phase Transition,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, No. 1, 2007, pp. 96-102. doi:10.1021/jp0618173
[8]	X.-W. Wu, D.-J. Wu and X.-J. Liu, “Silver-Doping Induced Lattice Istortion in TiO2 Nanoparticles,” Chinese Physics Letters, Vol. 26, No. 7, 2009, Article ID: 077809. doi:10.1088/0256-307X/26/7/077809
[9]	J. Banfield and A. Navrotsky, “Nanoparticles and the Environment,” Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, 2001.
[10]	D. Huang, Z. D. Xiao, J. H. Gu, N. P. Huang and C. W. Yuan, “TiO2 Thin Films Formation on Industrial Glass through Self-Assembly Processing,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 305, No. 1-2, 1997, pp. 110-115. doi:10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00202-2
[11]	W. Li, Y. Wang, H. Lin, S. I. Shah, C. P. Huang, D. J. Doren, S. A. Rykov, J. G. Chen and M. A. Barteau, “Band Gap Tailoring of Nd3-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, No. 20, 2003, pp. 4143-4145 doi:10.1063/1.1627962
[12]	S. I. Shah, W. Li, C.-P. Huang, O. Jung and C. Ni, “Study of Nd3+, Pd2+, Pt4+, and Fe3+ Dopant Effect on Photoreactivity of TiO2 Nanoparticles,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Vol. 99, No. 2, 2002, pp. 6482-6486. doi:10.1073/pnas.052518299
[13]	X. Chen and W. Luo, “Optical Spectroscopy of Rare Earth Ion-Doped TiO2 Anophosphors,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2010, pp. 14821494.
[14]	A. Burns, G. Hayes, W. Li, J. Hirvonen, J. D. Demaree and S. I. Shah, “Neodymium Ion Dopant Effects on the Phase Transformation in Sol-Gel Derived Titania Nanostructures,” Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 111, No. 2-3, 2004, pp. 150-155. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2004.04.008
[15]	R. D. Shannon, “Crystal Physics, Diffraction, Theoretical and General Crystallography,” Acta Crystallographica Section A, Vol. 32, No. 5, 1976, pp. 751-767. doi:10.1107/S0567739476001551
[16]	K. K. Gupta, M. Jassal and A. K. Agrawal, “Sol-Gel Derived Titanium Dioxide Finishing of Cotton Fabric for Self Cleaning,” Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol. 33, 2008, pp. 443-450.
[17]	S. Adnan, A. R. Fadhil and A. A. Majida, “TiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel,” Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 12, 2009, pp. 81-84
[18]	H. Nur, “Modification of Titanium Surface Species of Titania by Attachment of Silica Nanoparticles,” Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 133, No. 1-3, 2006, pp. 49-54. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2006.05.003
[19]	A. Merouani and H. Amardjia-Adnani, “Spectroscopic FTIR Study of TiO2 Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method,” International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology, Vol. 6, No. 62, 2008, pp. 151-154.
[20]	Y.-G. Kwon, S.-Y. Choi, E.-S. Kang and S.-S. Baek, “Ambient-Dried Silica Aerogel Doped with TiO2 Powder for Thermal Insulation,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 35, No. 24, 2000, pp. 6075-6079. doi:10.1023/A:1026775632209
[21]	M. A. Noginov, N. E. Noginova, H. J. Caulfield, P. Venkateswarl and M. Mahdi, “Line Narrowing in the Dye Solution with Scattering Centers,” Optics Communications, Vol. 118, No. 3-4, 1995, pp. 430-437. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(95)00177-A