Energy Efficient Hospitals Air Conditioning Systems

Abstract

Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality in the healthcare applications and particularly in surgical operating theatres are important features in modernized designs. The various reasons for deviation from obtaining optimum IAQ and energy efficient buildings are listed. The air conditioning systems serving the operating rooms require careful design to minimize the concentration of airborne organisms. Numerical approach is an appropriate tool to be utilized to adequately identify the airflow patterns temperatures and relative humidity distributions and hence energy efficient designs.

Share and Cite:

Khalil, E. (2012) Energy Efficient Hospitals Air Conditioning Systems. Open Journal of Energy Efficiency, 1, 1-7. doi: 10.4236/ojee.2012.11001.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] L. G. Berglund, “Comfort and Humidity,” ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 40, No. 8, 1998, pp. 35-41.
[2] M. H. Hosni, K. Tsai and A. N. Hawkins, “Numerical Predictions of Room Air Motion,” ASME Fluids Engineering Division Conference, Part 2, 1996, pp. 745-750.
[3] A. M. Medhat, “Air Conditioning Flow Patterns in Enclosures,” M.Sc. Thesis, Cairo University, Cairo, 1993.
[4] E. E. Khalil, “Three-Dimensional Flow Pattern in Enclosures,” Interim Report, Egyptalum, Egypt, 1994.
[5] E. E. Khalil, “Fluid Flow Regimes Interactions in Air Conditioned Spaces,” Proceedings of 3rd Jordanian Mechnical Engineering Conference, Amman, May 1999.
[6] E. E. Khalil, “Computer Aided Design for Comfort in Healthy Air Conditioned Spaces,” Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Finland, Vol. 2, 2000, pp. 461-466.
[7] R. Kameel, “Computer Aided Design of Flow Regimes in Air Conditioned Spaces,” M.Sc. Thesis, Cairo University, Cairo, 2000.
[8] R. Kameel, “Computer Aided Design of Flow Regimes in Air Conditioned Operating Theatres,” Ph.D. Thesis Work, Cairo University, Cairo, 2002.
[9] R. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Computer Aided Design of Flow Regimes in Air Conditioned Spaces,” Proceedings of ESDA2000 ASME 5th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design & Analysis, Monteux, 2000.
[10] R. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Air Conditioned Spaces,” International Conference of Energy Systems (ICES), Amman, September 2000, 2K, pp. 188-200.
[11] R. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Numerical Computations of the Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Air-Conditioned Spaces,” NHTC2001-20084, 35th National Heat Transfer Conference, Anaheim, 2001.
[12] R. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Air Quality Appraisal in Air Conditioned Spaces: Numerical Analyses,” Proceedings of 4th IAQVEC Conference, Changsha, 2001, pp. 287- 297.
[13] R. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Verification of Numerical Prediction of 3-D Air-Conditioned Flow Behavior in Full and Reduced Scale Room Models,” 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, AIAA-2002-654, 12-15 January 2002.
[14] D. B. Spalding and S. V. Patankar, “A Calculation Procedure for Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer in Three Dimensional Parabolic Flows,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 15, 1974, pp. 1787-1799.
[15] B. E. Launder and D. B. Spalding, “The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1974, pp. 269-275. doi:10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2
[16] E. E. Khalil, “Flow, Combustion & Heat Transfer in Axisymmetric Furnaces,” Ph.D. Thesis, London University, London, 1977.
[17] E. E. Khalil, D. B. Spalding and J. H. Whitelaw, “The Calculation of Local Flow Properties in Two-Dimensional Furnaces,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 18, 1975, pp. 775-792. doi:10.1016/0017-9310(75)90207-0
[18] R. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Generation of the Grid Node Distribution Using Modified Hyperbolic Equations,” 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, AIAA-2002-656, January 2002.
[19] S. V. Patankar, “Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow,” Hemisphere Pub., WDC, 1980.
[20] H. M. Blum, “Experimental Verification of Turbulence Models,” ASHRAE Fundamentals, Vol. 1, PT30, ASHRAE, Atlanta, 1956.
[21] P. V. Nielsen, “Numerical Prediction of Air Distribution in Rooms,” ASHRAE, Building Systems: Room Air and Air Contaminant Distribution, 1989.
[22] R. A. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Numerical Computations of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Air-Conditioned Healthcare Applications,” ASME Congress 2006, Paper IMECE-13354, November 2006.
[23] E. E. Khalil, “Flow Regimes and Thermal Patterns in Air Conditioned Operating Theatres,” Proceedings Climamed 2006, Lyon, November 2006.
[24] R. A. Kameel and E. E. Khalil, “Numerical Investigation of the Airborne Contaminant Age in Surgical Operating Theatres,” AIAA Paper, AIAA-2007-0807, January 2007.
[25] E. E. Khalil, “Numerical Computations of Air Flow Regimes in Healthcare Facilities and Their Experimental Verifications,” IECEC Paper, AIAA-2009-4510, August 2009.
[26] E. E. Khalil, “Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Sustainable Climate Controlled Healthcare Applications,” AIAA-2010-0802, Orlando, January 2010.
[27] E. E. Khalil, “Holistic Approach to Green Buildings from Construction Material to Services,” Proceedings of International Conference on Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration (ICACR2011), Korea, July 2011, pp. 1-7.
[28] E. E. Khalil, “Energy Efficiency, Air Flow Regime and Relative Humidity in Air-Conditioned Surgical Operating Theatres,” Proceedings ASHRAE, Paper ASHRAE-2012-CH-12-C056, January 2012.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.