Elements and Steps of E-Learning Benchmarking Model for Higher Education Institutions
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quality and it moves onward with the changes occurring
in the future.
2. Literature Review
Benchmarking is a systematic and continuous developing
process for evaluating institution’s performance quality
to determine how the different accepted famous orga-
nizations work by studying the best practice by setting
standard indicators and comparing from the indicators
and finally, apply the result to improve the performance
quality both in producing and service processes [6-10].
2.1. Elements of Benchmarking Model
Academics have discussed the elements of benchmarking
as followings:
Andersen and Pettersen and Camp discussed the ele-
ments of benchmarking that it started by setting a com-
parable performance team and then clearly defined the
structure of the Executive management, the position and
the role of each division to be flexible and consistent
promotion of each other. Learn to observe the process of
the Organization and understand the processes running in
your own organization to identify methods and operating
procedures to determine the criteria for selecting an or-
ganization that uses a pair of equivalent performance to
determine indicators for comparable performance to se-
lect methods and tools to collect information to analyze
data throughout the report and apply the results to con-
tinue to improve enterprise development [6,7].
Robere described setting up a team is an important
element in the comparable performance as well as defin-
ing the compared Agency, collecting data and analyzing
data on indicators, summarizing and reporting the results
of operations and communications informing people in
all levels through the Organization by using various me-
thods to make final plans to perform the objectives of the
organization. Finally make a plan to accomplish the or-
ganization’s goal [9].
Camp mentioned the important component of compa-
rable performance is to identify what elements we want
to compare by considering missions from both organiza-
tions, how to collect the comparative organization, de-
termining how to collect information and a variety of
information gathering, analyzing, summarizing, imple-
menting report and plans for future operation [7].
Kelly mentioned that to specify the elements of com-
parable performance we need to consider the functions in
the operation of the team, choose a format that will make
comparable academic performance documents and re-
lated information, pick a pair compared organization and
appoint the comparable performance team, analyze data
using statistical method, present the presentation was
updated and how to perform the best (Best Practice),
write a summary of a plan and publish a policy and fi-
nally, turning into action, work together is the policy in
the last work together to hand coordination planned to-
gether to take a step towards to excellence [8].
2.2. Steps of Benchmarking Model
Andersen and Pettersen have divided benchmarking
model into 5 steps. Plan is the most important process
that will bring benchmarking to be successful and effec-
tive and get the good implementation. Search is the step
to find the best comparative companies. An activity re-
quired in this step is to define the criteria for selecting
potential comparative companies. Observe: the purpose
of observing is to define and understand the performance
process of the comparative companies to improve per-
formance process in your own company. Analyses: to
determine the gap of the process and analyze the prob-
lems that cause the gap and discuss the results of the data
obtained to develop performance process, and Adapt: to
improve operating process is necessity in comparable
performance. To define the opportunity in improving and
developing after getting the Best Practice, team needs to
consider the elements of time and resource, and necessi-
ties of company, availability of personnel processes in-
volved in developing and targeting must be able to
measure and assess, to report operating results as a sum-
mary execution from the beginning until the end and to
add some comments and further suggestions [6].
Robere and Associates Benchmarking Model have
developed a format derived from the ideas of the compa-
rable performance experts an experience in the field of
quality more than 20 years. They have merged to bright
out the strengths model as part of the model by combin-
ing the steps of Edward De Ming as following below.
Plan—Select the process you want and provide compa-
rable performance team. Do—Collect and analyze the
data, examine the differences, advantages and strengths
that have been found in the company. Study—Study sys-
tematically and inform involved people all findings of
the benchmarking and set the targets. Action—Create
action plan development [9].
Camp the main phases of comparable performance
based on Camp’s concept are divided into 5 phases. 1 - 4
phrases are comparable performance process and each
phase is broken down totally into 10 procedures. Phase 5
has two additional steps to ensure that operation has op-
erated effectively and achieved the goal. Phases and steps
of benchmarking model consist of: Phase 1 Planning the
operation. The purpose is to answer the 3 points, What,
Who and How is to be benchmark? There are 3 sub-steps:
Sub-step 1: identify what to compare. Sub-step 2: define
which company that has the best practice. Sub-step 3:
determine data and data collection method, the operator
must plan and define the detailed operation procedures