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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Magnetic field strength properties in bone marrow during pulsed electromagnetic stimulation

  AUTHORS: Hiroyuki Tamaki, Kengo Yotani, Atsumu Yuki, Hikari Kirimoto, Kazuhiro Sugawara, Hideaki Onishi

  KEYWORDS: Magnetic Stimulation; Bone Tissue; Focality; Geometry; Intensity

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Vol.3 No.12, December 30, 2010

  ABSTRACT: We clarified the characteristics of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) strength in marrow cavity with bone marrow in long bones based on actual measurements taken during pulsed magnetic stimulation (PMS). Measurements were made under 810 different conditions of stimulation intensity, distance, and position. Significant and strong linear correlations were observed between PEMF strength and stimulation intensity. PEMF strength in marrow cavity during PMS showed an exponential decay depending on coil-sensor distance, with a breaking point at approximately 30 mm. PEMF strength distributions in bone showed geometric differences between 3 types. These findings suggest that PEMF strength in bone depends on stimulation intensity, distance and horizontal position. Our actual measured data could be useful in determining stimulation programs and estimating the in vivo efficacy of PEMF in marrow cavity for research and clinical use.