Pichtel, J. (2016) Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2016, Article ID: 2707989.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2707989

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Purification of Produced Water from a Sour Oilfield in South Kuwait. 1. Oil-Water Separation and Industrial Salt Production

  AUTHORS: Feras Al Salem, Hessa Al Shamsi, Mariam Mohammed Abdulla Alaryani, Basmalah Abdelazim Mohamed Khalaf, Omnia Elsheikh, Vijo Poulose, Yosef Al Jasem, Thies Thiemann

  KEYWORDS: Produced Water, Oil and Gas, Adsorption Filtration, Crystallization

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.16 No.2, February 26, 2024

  ABSTRACT: Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil – water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified cellulosic material gained from spent coffee grounds as a tertiary adsorption treatment. The earth-alkaline metal ions and heavy metals were separated from the de-oiled produced water by addition of either sodium or potassium hydroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide or by direct addition of solid sodium carbonate. The resulting filtrate gave salt of industrial purity upon selective crystallization on evaporation.