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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Invasive Common Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.): A Serious Ecological Threat to Ladakh Tethys Himalayan Biodiversity in Changing Climate

  AUTHORS: Mahendra Singh Raghuvanshi, Rajesh Kumar Sawal, Stanzin Landol, Ngawang Dorje, Latika Pandey, Spalbar Enoch, Mohammad Raza, Anurag Saxena

  KEYWORDS: Phragmites, Ecology, Biodiversity, Fodder, Ladakh

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Climate Change, Vol.12 No.3, August 8, 2023

  ABSTRACT: Ladakh’s cropped and non-cropped areas suffer greatly from weedy invasion under subsistence agricultural system where weeding is not a priority but total crop + weed biomass together contribute to livestock feeding significantly. As agriculture along with livestock rearing is major activity of livelihood options, thereby contributing significantly to Ladakh economy and income generation for supporting resource poor farmers. Amongst various invasive weed species, the common reed (Phragmites australis) has become a serious ecological threat for agri-silvi-pastoral system biodiversity and accelerated its expansion in cropped lands including many wetland and salt-affected habitats of cold arid region due to its intermediate plant growth habit of C3 - C4 photosynthetic ecotypes. This character makes Phragmites a climate-resilient species, which is a major challenge for cold arid agriculture in the changing climatic patterns. Simultaneously, it is one of the best fodder substitute available under harsh climate. This paper deals with its unique characters and potential threats to the agrobiodiversity of Ladakh.