TITLE:
Osteoporosis: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Evaluation and Treatment
AUTHORS:
Manoj Chadha, Ram Chaddha, Hema Divakar, Hemant Kalyan, Shobhit Seth, Poonam Shah
KEYWORDS:
Osteoporosis, Bone Loss, Vertebral Fractures, Vitamin D
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Orthopedics,
Vol.12 No.4,
April
19,
2022
ABSTRACT: Purpose: Osteoporosis is a global health disease. Increasing life span will add to
the burden of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women. The lifetime
risk of osteoporotic fractures is 30% to 40%. Fractures pose an extensive
burden on healthcare resources. Therefore, early diagnosis of osteoporosis is
necessary. Methods: In this review, we provide a comprehensive approach
to the current epidemiology, diagnosis
aspects, treatments and fracture management in relation to the
osteoporosis. Results: In assessing osteoporotic patients, good medical
history with identification of clinical risk factors should be done. Along with
basic blood investigations, bone mineral density, vertebral imaging, and bone
turnover markers can aid the accurate diagnosis of bone loss. Modification of
risk factors and dietary interventions are the first step in managing
osteoporosis. Multiple options can be tailored to the individual needs in the
treatment of osteoporosis. The frequency and duration for which the treatment is continued depend on the individual response to treatment. For fractures, surgical management is necessary whereas
pharmacological interventions are needed to prevent further fractures. As
osteoporosis often goes unrecognized until one or more fractures occur, it is
important to understand the impact of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Osteoporosis remains a significant health
problem globally that needs immediate attention to improve bone quality
and prevent fractures associated with it optimally.