TITLE:
A Study on Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Risk Factors in New and Re-Treated Presumptive Patients at Wad Madani Tuberculosis Center, Sudan (2018-2019): A Cross-Sectional Study
AUTHORS:
Zeinab H. Alfaham, Elhadi A. Ahmed, Elamin M. Ibrahim, Mohamed Soud Mohamed, Ameer A. Mohamed, Ayman Mahjob, Mubarak A. Elshafia, Bakri Y. M. Nour
KEYWORDS:
MDR, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Relapse, Sudan
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Tuberculosis Research,
Vol.10 No.1,
March
8,
2022
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The increase
in cases of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in endemic areas, is mainly associated with re-treatment,
although resistant tubercle bacilli can be easily transmitted between all
susceptible persons. Objective: The study aimed to describe
pulmonary tuberculosis, risk factors and MDR in new and re-treated suspected
patients attending Wad Madani Tuberculosis Center that provides service in
central Sudan. Methods: Cross-sectional laboratory
based study among 300 presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients during 2018
and 2019 was conducted. Cases were
divided into new and re-treated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and rpoB gene
of multi-drug resistance (MDR) were detected in sputum samples by GeneXpert
assay as manufacturer instructions. Results: Out of 300 suspected
participants, 34% (103/300) were diagnosed
as pulmonary tuberculosis using GeneXpert method. The frequency of males, the
age group from 21 to 40 and rural housing were the most with percentage reach
68% (70/103), 51% (53/103) and 58.3% (60/103) respectively. All observed
symptoms were significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. New cases
represented 59.2% (61/103) while re-treated was 40.8% (39/103). The overall
frequency of MDR patients was 9.7% (10/103) of which 50% (5/103) had relapse situation. Conclusion: It appeared that the cases of
MDR pulmonary tuberculosis are on the increase compared to previous findings,
recommended measures must be taken to control the spread of tuberculosis and
the causes of re-treatment and relapse must be studied.