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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Gross Domestic Product FP-Causes Life Expectancy at Birth

  AUTHORS: Gordon Bechtel

  KEYWORDS: A Theory of Imperatives, COVID-19, Fractional-Polynomial Transformation of GDP, Life Expectancy at Birth, Pandemic Threats to Lives and Economies, R2 Invariance with Respect to GDP and Survival Calibration

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.9 No.6, June 25, 2021

  ABSTRACT: This article demonstrates that GDP FP-causes life expectancy at birth. The confirming fractional polynomial regression in Section 3.2 is run over the pre-pandemic period 1991-2018. During the subsequent pandemic, the American Center for Disease Control reported that life expectancy at birth in the USA dropped one year during the first six months of 2020, the largest drop since World War II. The drops in African and Hispanic life expectancy at birth during this period were 2.7 and 1.9 years (Aljazeera; Democracy Now, February 18, 2021). The USA is the worst COVID-19-effected population. It is now imperative to verify that life expectancy at birth is well predicted from GDP in all nations over 1991-2018. This pre-pandemic control for each nation will accurately calibrate its subsequent yearly survival drops due to COVID-19. This is especially important in light of the trade war between the United States and China, which has increased the need for the precise measurement of the human effects of this war.