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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Wetting Behavior of Fresh and Aged Soot Studied through Contact Angle Measurements

  AUTHORS: Yiyi Wei, Qing Zhang, Jonathan E. Thompson

  KEYWORDS: Soot, Black Carbon, Wetting, Enthalpy of Immersion, Contact Angle, Graphene Oxide

  JOURNAL NAME: Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Vol.7 No.1, December 7, 2016

  ABSTRACT: In this work, contact angle measurements for soot samples collected from a kerosene lantern, wood-burning fireplace, and municipal bus engine exhaust lines are reported. Contact angles for both freshly collected soot and samples treated with various doses of O3 (g), HNO3 (g), and H2SO4 (g) are considered. Use of a literature method has allowed estimation of the enthalpy of immersion (Himm) for the soot samples based on contact angle observed. Contact angles for freshly collected soot were 65 - 110 deg. indicating its hydrophobic nature. Chemical processing of soot usually resulted in smaller contact angles and large increases in immersion enthalpy. However, the dose of ozone, nitric or sulfuric acid vapor required to achieve alteration of the soot surface appeared to be considerably larger than that expected to be experienced by authentic atmospheric samples during the soot particles lifetime. The most significant variability of soot contact angle was observed for the municipal bus exhaust samples, suggesting that combustion chemistry may significantly affect wetting behavior.