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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Toilet habits in kindergarten children in a kindergarten in Hanoi

  AUTHORS: Thi Kim Anh Nguyen, Susan J. Vernon, Ann Bengtson, Anna-Lena Hellström

  KEYWORDS: Children; Toilet Habits; Interviews; Observations

  JOURNAL NAME: Health, Vol.5 No.11, November 12, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Objective: Describe children’s toilet habits in a kindergarten setting. Subjects: Forty-one children aged 4-5 years, parents and six teachers participated. Method: Open-ended interviews and observations. Results: In school children avoided going to toilet, this could cause incontinence. Related Factors: Inadequate toilet standards and differing cleaning routines as at home. Children were uncomfortable and shy using the toilet, and some children seemed to prefer playing and school work instead of going to the toilet during breaks. Conclusion: Children of 4-5 years of age are sometimes not able to control their bladder and bowel habits in an environment differing to home.