Miesner, M.D. and Anderson, D.E. (2008) Management of Uterine and Vaginal Prolapse in the Bovine. Veterinary Clinics Food Animal Practice, 24, 409-419.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.02.008

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Prolapse Incidence in Swine Breeding Herds Is a Cause for Concern

  AUTHORS: China Supakorn, Joseph D. Stock, Chris Hostetler, Kenneth J. Stalder

  KEYWORDS: Prolapse, Breeding Herds and Sow

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol.7 No.8, August 25, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Beginning in the fall of 2014 there has been a general and widespread increase in the incidence of prolapse in the U.S. swine herd. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the incidence, causative factors and treatment of rectal, vaginal, uterine and preputial prolapses. Rectal and vaginal prolapses are most common in swine when compared to other prolapse types. The cause of prolapses supports a fixation mechanism failure overcome by pressure on or weakening of support tissue. The fundamental factors affecting the incidence for prolapses are many and include factors related to nutrition, physiology, hormones, genetics, environment and other disease factors such as chronic diarrhea, cough, and dystocia. Treatment of prolapsed swine includes surgical and therapeutic management that can lead to complete recovery. However, in most cases, euthanasia is the final result. Economic loss was calculated at approximately $5220 dollars/year/1000 sows.