TITLE:
The Role of Immune System in Depression Disorder
AUTHORS:
Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh, Porya Hassan Abadi, Mehdi Agheltar, Arvin Aghayinejad, Farnaz Torabian, Arash Akhavan Rezayat, Farzad Akbarzadeh, Hamid Reza Rahimi
KEYWORDS:
Depression, Cytokines, IL-6, TNF-α, Psychoneuroimmunology
JOURNAL NAME:
Health,
Vol.8 No.15,
December
9,
2016
ABSTRACT: In order to diagnose a major depressive disorder, patients must have at least 5 depres-sive symptoms out of 9 criteria, present for at least two weeks. Depressive symptoms include absence of concentration, fatigue and suicidal ideation. The intensity of de-pression symptoms affects the severity of depression and the degree of the impact on the quality of life. Major depressive disorders (MDD) are defined as a significant health problem, and are estimated to rise in prevalence in the future years. Immune cytokine, associated with major depression for instance, is the interleukin IL-6 and tu-mor necrosis factor (TNF-α) which is defined as pro-inflammatory cytokines, can ac-tivate an inflammatory response. The effects of other inflammatory cytokines on the central nervous system are of controversy. There is an increasing interest about the ef-fect of cytokines derived from innate immune system on the brain and behavior. Cytokines are defined as large sized proteins, mainly produced by immune cells. Two subtypes of cytokines exist: pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating inflammatory re-sponses and neural activities; and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting inflammatory processes. Besides microglia and astrocytes, immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes also produce cytokines. At the times of immunological alterations, infections or inflammation, cytokines will be in an activated form. The main goal of the current review study is to investigate the role of the immune system in the depression disorder.