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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Cinobufotalin as a Novel Agent to Inhibit in Vitro Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion

  AUTHORS: Anthony McDowell, Syeda H. Afroze, Richard Tobin, Timothy C. McCormick, Martha Karen Newell-Rogers, David C. Zawieja, Thomas J. Kuehl, Mohammad Nasir Uddin

  KEYWORDS: Cinobufotalin, Ovarian Cancer, SK-OV-3, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol.6 No.6, May 10, 2016

  ABSTRACT: Objective: Cinobufotalin (CINO), a cardiotonic steroid (CTS) or bufadienolide, is extracted from the skin secretions of giant toads and is utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (Chan Su). CINO has been used as a cardiotonic, diuretic and a hemostatic agent. Recently, CINO has been shown to inhibit lung cancer cell function and has been implicated in several other disease processes. In this study, we pursued the potential anticancer application of CINO using the ovarian tumor cell line SK-OV-3. Study Design: We evaluated the effect of CINO on cultures of SK-OV-3. Cells were treated with 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μM CINO. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and viability were measured using commercially available kits. Cell cycle progression was evaluated by a Cell Cycle Phase Determination Kit. Apoptosis was evaluated by an Apoptotic Blebs Assay Kit; cell cycle arrest and apoptotic signaling were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Results: CINO at ≥ 0.5 μM inhibited SKOV-3 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (p