TITLE:
Association of Protein Energy Wasting with Income in CKD Stage 3 Patients
AUTHORS:
Anita Saxena, Amit Gupta
KEYWORDS:
Protein Energy Wasting, Appetite, Income, BMI, Chronic Kidney Disease
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Engineering and Technology,
Vol.3 No.3B,
August
25,
2015
ABSTRACT:
Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a major
challenge in CKD. Objective: To assess PEW in predialysis patients on their
first visit to a nephrologist. Methods: Three day dietary intake of 484 CKD
stage 3 patients was taken. Appetite was assessed with ADAT. Patients were
divided into groups based on appetite and BMI. Results: Male and female parameters
are serum albumin 3.7 ± 0.84/3.68.8 ± 0.81 g/dL, total protein 7.02 ± 1.27/6.94
± 1.26 g/dL, creatinine 4.68 ± 4.19/3.74 ± 3.36 mg% creatinine clearance 33.22 ±
30.48/37.55 ± 33.87 ml/minute, BMI 22.60 ± 4.29/23.43 ± 4.77kg/m2 energy/kg 16.97
± 0.65/16.8 ± 0.64, protein g/kg 0.65 ± 0.28/0.64 ± 0.30, carbohydrate g/kg
2.98 ± 1.54/2.98 ± 0.1.36, fat g/kg 2.98 ± 0.23/2.79 ± 0.22, respectively. As
appetite decreased, dietary protein and energy intake decreased significantly.
Appetite in males and females: Average 14.46%, 4.13%, poor 9.7%, 18.18%,
anorexic 13.2%, 7.4%. Income had strong correlation with BMI (p 0.000), dietary
protein (p 0.000), energy (p 0.000) and carbohydrate (p 0.000). Appetite
correlated with creatinine (p 0.019), dietary energy, protein, carbohydrate and
fat (p 0.000) intake. BMI correlated (p 0.000) with fat, carbohydrate, energy
and creatinine clearance. ANOVA showed significant difference within and
between appetite groups in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, creatinine
clearance (p 0.000) and serum albumin (p 0.025). There was significant difference
in protein (p 0.026), energy intake (p 0.000) and creatinine clearance (p 0.038)
within and between BMI groups. Based on income, there was significant
difference among groups in BMI (p 0.000), energy (p 0.019), protein (p 0.031)
and albumin (0.001).