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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef050002a

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Absorption of Microwaves in Low Intensity Eucalyptus Litter Fire

  AUTHORS: Douglas Letsholathebe, Kgakgamatso Mphale

  KEYWORDS: Wildfire, Microwave Attenuation, Weakly Ionised Gas, Remote Sensing, Electric Conductivity

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Vol.7 No.8, August 27, 2015

  ABSTRACT: A fuel bed was constructed where various vegetation species could be used as combustion fuel. The fuel bed was equipped with a thermocouple to measure fire temperature and a two-port automatic network analyser to measure microwave scattering parameters in flame medium. The parameters are then used to determine microwave propagation characteristics in fire. The measurements have implications on radio wave communication during wildfire suppression and in remote sensing. The attenuation data also provide an estimation of vegetation fire ionisation and conductivity. Eucalyptus litter fire with a maximum flame temperature of 976 K was set on the fuel bed and X-band microwaves (7.00 - 9.50 GHz) were caused to propagate through the flame. Attenuation of 0.35 - 0.90 dB was measured for microwaves in the frequency range. For the low intensity fire, conductivity was measured to range from 0.00021 - 0.00055 mho/m and electron density was to be the range of 1.83 - 2.24 × 1015 m-3.