Regen, S.L. and Besse, J.J. (1979) Liquid-Solid-Liquid Triphase Catalysis. Consideration of the Rate-Limiting Step, Role of Stirring, and Catalyst Efficiency for Simple Nucleophilic Displacement. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 101, 4059-4063.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00509a008

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Effect of Cosolvent in a Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Using Organoclay in Triphase Catalytic System

  AUTHORS: Nahid Shabestary, Cynthia M. Chapple, Derek T. Rensing, Thao T. Doan, Sadegh Khazaeli, Michael J. Sabo, Andrew D. Beach

  KEYWORDS: Triphase Catalysis, Cosolvent, Organoclay, Nucleophilic Displacement Reaction

  JOURNAL NAME: Modern Research in Catalysis, Vol.4 No.3, July 28, 2015

  ABSTRACT: A remarkable rate enhancement technique has been devised for a typical nucleophilic displacement reaction by using triphase catalytic materials based on tetraoctylammonium exchange forms of hectorite clay. Pseudo-first order rate constants (kobs) for the conversion of 1-bromobutane to the corresponding chloride under triphase conditions using the clay catalyst in the presence of various polar cosolvents have been observed. The results here have shown that the addition of a cosolvent increases the catalytic activity of the triphase system by several fold. In addition, the results have demonstrated that each cosolvent has a unique concentration for achieving an optimum reaction rate.