Faria, A.J., Franca, H.M., Gomes, G.G. and Sponchiado, R.C. (2005) The Vacuum Electromagnetic Fields and the Schrodinger Picture. arxiv:quant-ph/0510134v2f. (Faria’s eq. 7 is the same as our equation 2, except in units of Joules/cm3/(radian per second). One must multiply by 2 to get Joule/cm3/Hz and then by c to get watt/cm3/Hz—the units that Einstein uses in his 1917 paper. Faria references Marshall below for a derivation based on 0.5 h of E&M energy per vacuum mode—the minimum energy for a quantum oscillator.)

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A New Physical Model for the Vacuum Field Based on Einstein’s Stimulated Emission Theory

  AUTHORS: Richard A. Hutchin

  KEYWORDS: Vacuum Field, Casimir Effect, Stimulated Emission

  JOURNAL NAME: Optics and Photonics Journal, Vol.5 No.4, March 31, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The vacuum electromagnetic field has been a mystery ever since Hedrik Casimir [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310035003500370032003300390030000000 proposed in 1948 that it actually existed and could be measured. Many subsequent experiments [2] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310035003500370032003300390033000000 have confirmed that its vast field strength (over a terawatt/cm2) is real and matches quantum predictions. Radiation pressures as high as 18 psi have been measured from the reflected vacuum light between plates of 10 nanometer separation. All of this creates a mystery. The electromagnetic field strength is more than a terawatt/cm2 everywhere in the universe and yet nothing is melted, ionized or burned up by the field. This paper extracts new insight from Einstein’s famous 1917 paper, credited with the discovery of stimulated emission and still believed today. The result is a practical explanation of the vacuum field and its observed properties.