1. Introduction
Currently, it is accepted that testicular descent takes place under the influence of hormonal and mechanical factors in two phases: transabdominal and transinguinal migration; no position anomalies are possible during this migration [1] . These are mainly cryptorchidism and ectopy. The ectopic testicle defines a testicle outside the purse and the normal migration path. Cryptorchidism is a permanent stop of testicular migration at any point along its normal path between the lumbar region and the scrotum [2] .
Ectopy is one of the causes and forms of cryptorchidism (diagnosis of absence of one or two testicles in the bursa, whether due to unfinished testicle migration or total absence) [2] .
Renal agenesis can be uni- or bilateral, isolated or associated with other malformations (1/4 of renal agenesis is accompanied by genital malformations allowing the anomaly to be dated with respect to embryogenesis) [3] . Unilateral agenesis has an incidence of 1/1000, is more frequent in men and affects the left kidney more often [4] . It is often asymptomatic and compatible with life. Compensating hypertrophy is observed in the normal kidney (>10% of normal kidney volume) [5] .
2. Observation
Mr. Y B, a 28-year-old patient, had consulted for a malposition of the right purse evolving since birth without other associated signs. There is no similar case in siblings. The physical examination revealed a straight ectopic bursa in pubic position containing a testicle of normal size and consistency with normal hair growth (Figure 1).
The left bursa is in a normal anatomical position and contains a testicle of normal size and consistency.
The spermogram showed azoospermia. The uroscanner had objected to agenesis of the left kidney associated with a hypodense mass with some dense iso tissues above the pubis that corresponded to the poorly positioned bursa (Figure 2).
The biological check-up was normal (creatinine, blood sugar, NFS, TP, TS, TCA).
We had decided on a left inguinal orchidectomy. After dissection of the spermatic cord, we proceed to its section and then ligation (Figures 3-5).
3. Discussion
Unilateral renal agenesis has an incidence of 1/1000, is more frequent in men and affects the left kidney more often [4] . It is often asymptomatic and compatible with life. Compensating hypertrophy is observed in the normal kidney (>10% of normal kidney volume).
Renal agenesis can be uni- or bilateral, isolated or associated with other malformations (1/4 of renal agenesis is accompanied by genital malformations) [3] . Our patient was elderly, and this delay in care is due to the parents’ ignorance.
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Figure 1. Right testicular ectopy in pubopenial position.
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Figure 2. Uro scan ascending an absence of the left kidney.
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Figure 3. Exhibition of the left testicle.
Several locations have been described, such as interstitial ectopy, the most frequent, pubopenic, femoral, transverse, pelvic and retro-umbilical. In its pubopenial location (in our case), the testicle is located above the penis with the contralateral testicle in normal position. It is a rare congenital anomaly whose etiopathogeny is highly controversial [1] . The role of gubernaculum testis is not clearly understood. Some consider that testicular descent is related to the role of the gubernaculum testis as a tractor and guide, which is controlled by the genito-femoral nerve. Hutson [6] believes that an anomaly in this nerve would cause the migration of gubernaculum testis to an aberrant location. Other authors attribute pubopenial ectopy to the presence of a mechanical obstacle to testicular descent to the bursa, causing the testicle to deviate to areas of lower resistance [7] .
The diagnosis is clinical and generally easy in the presence of pubopenial swelling with an empty, hypoplastic homolateral bursa [7] . A case of antenatal diagnosis at 38 weeks of amenorrhea has been reported by Mazneikova [8] . Real-time ultrasound associated with colour Doppler may have prognostic value, detecting areas of trauma and exploring testicular vascularization [4] .
Treatment is surgical, indicated as soon as the diagnosis is made, regardless of age [1] , due to the significant risk of microtrauma. It consists in reintegrating the testicle into the scrotal compartment, by the inguinal route in children, so it is an orchidectomy in the elderly subject because of the risk of malignant degeneration.
The long-term prognosis of pubopenian testicular ectopias is, for some authors, good due to the discretion of histological lesions [1] . Hutcheson, on the other hand, in a comparative study, did not find any significant difference between the histological lesions observed in cryptorchidism and those found in testicular ectopias including perineal locations. According to this author, it is a variant of the same congenital anomaly with a similar long-term prognosis [9] .
4. Conclusion
Often easily diagnosed, pubopenic testicular ectopy remains a rare congenital anomaly. The functional prognosis, which is always difficult to specify, seems identical to the other locations.