Differences in Skin Properties of Korean Women at the Initial Aging Phase

Abstract


Many studies on aging have focused on evaluating differences between older and younger people, but only a few have focused on differences in skin properties among subjects from the same age group according to their skin aging status. In this study, we evaluated the facial skin condition and life style factors in 110 Korean women aged 25 to 35 in an attempt to evaluate factors which may affect the skin aging status in the initial aging phase. The facial skin condition of 110 healthy Korean women was assessed over two successive 6-month periods, summer and winter. Using clinical assessments including aging, wrinkles and skin’s elasticity values, the subjects were divided into 7 groups. Then, various facial skin conditions and life style factors were examined between a severe aging group and mild aging group. In the severe aging group, the mean value pH was lower and the mean value of water content was slightly lower than that of women in the mild aging group. Also, the seasonal site variation in water content and sebum secretion level were significantly higher in the severe aging group than in the mild aging group. Topical sunscreen using percentage was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the number of cosmetic subject use was slightly higher in the mild aging group than in the severe aging group. The study suggested that there were several differences in skin characteristics between women in the severe aging group and in the mild aging group at the initial aging phase. Seasonal site variation between cheek and forehead was the most dominant differences. We also considered that life style factors such as cosmetic use could affect skin aging status.



Share and Cite:

G. Nam, E. Kim, Y. Jung, C. Jeong, K. Shin and H. Lee, "Differences in Skin Properties of Korean Women at the Initial Aging Phase," Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, Vol. 4 No. 1, 2014, pp. 44-52. doi: 10.4236/jcdsa.2014.41007.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] T. M. Callaghan and K. P. Wilhelm, “A Review of Ageing and an Examination of Clinical Methods in the Assessment of Ageing Skin. Part 2: Clinical Perspectives and Clinical Methods in the Evaluation of Ageing Skin,” International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 30, No. 5, 2008, pp. 323-332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00455.x
[2] D. A. Gunn, H. Rexbye, C. E. Griffiths, P. G. Murray, A. Fereday, S. D. Catt, C. C. Tomlin, B. H. Strongitharm, D. I. Perrett, M. Catt, A. E. Mayes, A. G. Messenger, M. R. Green, F. van der Ouderaa, J. W. Vaupel and K. Christensen, “Why Some Women Look Young for Their Age,” PLoS One, Vol. 4, No. 12, 2009, Article ID: e8021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008021
[3] J. Uitto, “Understanding Premature Skin Aging,” New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 337, No. 20, 1997, pp. 1463-1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199711133372011
[4] M. A. Farage, K. W. Miller, P. Elsner and H. I. Maibach, “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Skin Ageing: A Review,” International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2008, pp. 87-95.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2007.00415.x
[5] L. Yin, A. Morita and T. Tsuji, “Skin Aging Induced by Ultraviolet Exposure and Tobacco Smoking: Evidence from Epidemiological and Molecular Studies,” Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2001, pp. 178-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0781.2001.170 407.x
[6] W. C. Leung and I. Harvey, “Is Skin Ageing in the Elderly Caused by Sun Exposure or Smoking?” British Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 147, No. 6, 2002, pp. 1187-1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/ j.1365-2133.2002.04991.x
[7] S. Cho, M. H. Shin, Y. K. Kim, J. E. Seo, Y. M. Lee, C. H. Park and J. H. Chung, “Effects of Infrared Radiation and Heat on Human Skin Aging in Vivo,” Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2009, pp. 15-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jidsymp.2009.7
[8] V. L. Ernster, D. Grady, R. Miike, D. Black, J. Selby and K. Kerlikowske, “Facial wrinkling in men and women, by smoking status,” Am J Public Health. Vol. 85, No. 1, 1995, pp. 78-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.85.1.78
[9] J. M. Waller and H. I. Maibach, “Age and Skin Structure and Function, a Quantitative Approach (I): Blood Flow, pH, Thickness, and Ultrasound Echogenicity,” Skin Research and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2005, pp. 221-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0909-725X.2005.00151.x
[10] N. Krueger, S. Luebberding, M. Oltmer, M. Streker and M. Kerscher, “Age-Related Changes in Skin Mechanical Properties: A Quantitative Evaluation of 120 Female Subjects,” Skin Research and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2011, pp. 141-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00486.x
[11] T. Fujimura, K. Haketa, M. Hotta and T. Kitahara, “Loss of Skin Elasticity Precedes to Rapid Increase of Wrinkle Levels,” Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 47, No. 3, 2007, pp. 233-239.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.002
[12] G. J. Fisher, J. Varani and J. J. Voorhees, “Looking Older: Fibroblast Collapse and Therapeutic Implications,” Archives of Dermatology, Vol. 144, No. 5, 2008, pp. 666-672.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.144.5.666
[13] K. Tsukahara, T. Fujimura, Y. Yoshida, T. Kitahara, M. Hotta, S. Moriwaki, P. S. Witt, F. A. Simion and Y. Takema, “Comparison of Age-Related Changes in Wrinkling and Sagging of the Skin in Caucasian Females and in Japanese Females,” Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2004, pp. 351-371.
[14] S. Nouveau-Richard, Z. Yang, S. Mac-Mary, L. Li, P. Bastien, I. Tardy, C. Bouillon, P. Humbert and O. de Lacharrière, “Skin Ageing: A Comparison between Chinese and European Populations: A Pilot Study,” Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 40, No. 3, 2005, pp. 187-193.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.06.006
[15] K. Tsukahara, K. Sugata, O. Osanai, A. Ohuchi, Y. Miyauchi, M. Takizawa, M. Hotta and T. Kitahara, “Comparison of Age-Related Changes in Facial Wrinkles and Sagging in the Skin of Japanese, Chinese and Thai Women,” Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 47, No. 1, 2007, pp. 19-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.03.007
[16] G. G. Hillebrand, K. Miyamoto, B. Schnell, M. Ichihashi, R. Shinkura and S. Akiba, “Quantitative Evaluation of Skin Condition in an Epidemiological Survey of Females Living in Northern versus Southern Japan,” Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 27, No. S1, 2001, pp. S42-S52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0923-1811(01)00118-9
[17] K. Asakura, Y. Nishiwaki, A. Milojevic, T. Michikawa, Y. Kikuchi, M. Nakano, S. Iwasawa, G. Hillebrand, K. Miyamoto, M. Ono, Y. Kinjo, S. Akiba and T. Takebayashi, “Lifestyle Factors and Visible Skin Aging in a Population of Japanese Elders,” Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2009, pp. 251-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20090031
[18] H. Qiu, X. Long, J. C. Ye, J. Hou, J. Senee, A. Laurent, R. Bazin, F. Flament, A. Adam, J. Coutet and B. Piot, “Influence of Season on Some Skin Properties: Winter vs. Summer, as Experienced by 354 Shanghaiese Women of Various Ages,” International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 33, No. 4, 2011, pp. 377-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00639.x
[19] G. Imokawa, “Recent Advances in Characterizing Biological Mechanisms Underlying UV-Induced Wrinkles: A Pivotal Role of Fibrobrast-Derived Elastase,” Archives of Dermatological Research, Vol. 300, No. S1, 2008, pp. S7-S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-007-0798-x
[20] S. Imayama and I. M. Braverman, “A Hypothetical Explanation for the Aging of Skin. Chronologic Alteration of the Three-Dimensional Arrangement of Collagen and Elastic Fibers in Connective Tissue,” American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 134, No. 5, 1989, pp. 1019-1025.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.