IEC 61499 vs. 61131: A Comparison Based on Misperceptions

Abstract

The IEC 61131 standard has been widely accepted in the industrial automation domain. However, it is claimed that the standard does not address today the new requirements of complex industrial systems, which include among others, portability, interoperability, increased reusability and distribution. To address these restrictions, the IEC has initiated the task of developing the IEC 61499, which is presented as a mature technology to enable intelligent automation in various domains. This standard was not accepted by industry even though it is highly promoted by the academic community. In this paper, it is argued that IEC 61499 has been promoted by academy based on unsubstantiated claims on its main features, i.e., reusability, portability, interoperability, event-driven execution. A number of misperceptions are presented and discussed in this paper to show that the comparison, which appears in the literature, between IEC 61499 and 61131 is not substantiated.

Share and Cite:

K. Thramboulidis, "IEC 61499 vs. 61131: A Comparison Based on Misperceptions," Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, Vol. 6 No. 8, 2013, pp. 405-415. doi: 10.4236/jsea.2013.68050.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] International Electrotechnical Commission, “IEC International Standard IEC 61131-3: Programmable Controllers, Part 3: Programming Languages,” IEC, 2003.
[2] A. Zoitl, T. Strasser, C. Sunder and T. Baier, “Is IEC 61499 in Harmony with IEC 61131-3?” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2009, pp. 49-55. doi:10.1109/MIE.2009.934797
[3] A. Otto and K. Hellmans, “IEC 61131: A General Overview and Emerging Trends,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, Vol. 3, 2009, pp. 27-31. doi:10.1109/MIE.2009.934793
[4] P. Vrba, P. Tichy, V. Marik, K. H. Hall, R. J. Staron, F. P. Maturana and P. Kadera, “Rockwell Automation’s Holonic and Multiagent Control Systems Compendium,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2011, pp. 14-30. doi:10.1109/TSMCC.2010.2055852
[5] H. Carlsson, B. Svensson, F. Danielsson and B. Lennartson, “Methods for Reliable Simulation-Based PLC Code Verification,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2012, pp. 267-278. doi:10.1109/TII.2011.2182653
[6] E. Estevez and M. Marcos, “Model-Based Validation of Industrial Control Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2012, pp. 302-310. doi:10.1109/TII.2011.2174248
[7] K. Thramboulidis and G. Frey, “Towards a Model-Driven IEC 61131-Based Development Process in Industrial Automation,” Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (JSEA), Vol. 4, No. 4, 2011, pp. 217-226. doi:10.4236/jsea.2011.44024
[8] PLCOpen, 2012. http://www.plcopen.org
[9] T. Strasser, A. Zoitl, J. H. Christensen and C. Sunder, “Design and Execution Issues in IEC 61499 Distributed Automation and Control Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2011.
[10] A. Zoitl and V. Vyatkin, “IEC 61499 Architecture for Distributed Automation: The ‘Glass Half Full’ View,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2009, pp. 7-22. doi:10.1109/MIE.2009.934789
[11] International Electrotechnical Commission, “International Standard IEC61499, Function Blocks, Part 1-4,” IEC, 2005.
[12] L. H. Yoong, P. S. Roop, V. Vyatkin and Z. Salcic, “A Synchronous Approach for IEC 61499 Function Block Implementation,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 58, No. 12, 2009, pp. 1599-1614. doi:10.1109/TC.2009.128
[13] V. Vyatkin, “IEC 61499 as Enabler of Distributed and Intelligent Automation: State-of-the-Art Review,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2011, pp. 768-781. doi:10.1109/TII.2011.2166785
[14] M. Khalgui and H. M. Hanisch, “Reconfiguration Protocol for Multi-Agent Control Software Architectures,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2011, pp. 70-80. doi:10.1109/TSMCC.2010.2064163
[15] R. Lewis, “Modeling Control Systems Using IEC 61499 —Applying Function Blocks to Distributed Systems,” The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 2001.
[16] K. Thramboulidis, “IEC 61499 Function Block Model: Facts and Fallacies,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, Vol. 3, 2009, pp. 7-23. doi:10.1109/MIE.2009.934788
[17] K. Thramboulidis, “IEC 61499: Back to the Well Proven Practice of IEC 61131?” 17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Krakow, 17-21 September 2012.
[18] G. Cengic and K. Akesson, “On Formal Analysis of IEC 61499 Applications, Part A: Modeling,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 6, 2010, pp. 136-144. doi:10.1109/TII.2010.2040392
[19] FBDK Web Page. http://www.holobloc.com/doc/fbdk/
[20] I. Sommerville, “Software Engineering,” 5th Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Ltd., New York, 1996.
[21] K. Thramboulidis, “Towards an Object-Oriented Extension for IEC 61131,” 17th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Krakow, 17-21 September 2012. doi:10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489673
[22] V. Vyatkin, H.-M. Hanisch, C. Pang and J. Yang, “Application of Closed Loop Modelling in Integrated Component Design and Validation of Manufacturing Automation,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, Applications and Reviews, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2009, pp. 17-28.
[23] W. Dai and V. Vyatkin, “Redesign Distributed PLC Control Systems Using IEC 61499 Function Blocks,” IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2012, pp. 390-401.
[24] N. Higgins, V. Vyatkin, N. K. C. Nair and K. Schwarz, “Distributed Power System Automation with IEC 61850, IEC 61499, and Intelligent Control,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, Applications and Reviews, Vol. 41, 2011, pp. 81-92.
[25] V. Vyatkin, “The IEC 61499 Standard and Its Semantics,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2009, pp. 40-48. doi:10.1109/MIE.2009.934796
[26] V. N. Dubinin and V. Vyatkin, “Semantics-Robust Design Patterns for IEC 61499,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2012, pp. 279-290. doi:10.1109/TII.2012.2186820
[27] European Commission, “European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European Public Services,” Bruxelles, 2010.
[28] K. Thramboulidis, D. Perdikis and S. Kantas, “Model Driven Development of Distributed Control Applications,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 33, No. 3-4, 2007, pp. 233-242.
[29] H. Kopetz, “Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications,” 2nd Edition, Springer, Berlin, 2011.
[30] R. W. Brennan, W. A. Gruver and K. H. Hall, “FowardSpecial Issue on Industrial Applications of Holonic Manufacturing Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2011, pp. 1-3. doi:10.1109/TSMCC.2010.2082410
[31] G. Black and V. Vyatkin, “Intelligent Component-Based Automation of Baggage Handling Systems with IEC 61499,” IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2010, pp. 337-351. doi:10.1109/TASE.2008.2007216
[32] H. Prahofer, R. Schatz, C. Wirth and H. Mossenbock, “A Comprehensive Solution for Deterministic Replay Debugging of Soft PLC Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2011, pp. 641-651. doi:10.1109/TII.2011.2166768
[33] W. Lepuschitz, A. Zoitl, M. Vallee and M. Merdan, “Toward Self-Reconfiguration of Manufacturing Systems Using Automation Agents,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2011, pp. 52-69. doi:10.1109/TSMCC.2010.2059012
[34] V. Vyatkin and V. Dubinin, “Refactoring of Execution Control Charts in Basic Function Blocks of the IEC 61499 Standard,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2010. doi:10.1109/TII.2009.2033051
[35] P. Tata and V. Vyatkin, “Proposing a Novel IEC 61499 Runtime Framework Implementing the Cyclic Execution Semantics,” Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, Cardiff, 23-26 June 2009, pp. 416-421.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.