Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Is Transmitted More Effectively via Aerosol Nebulization than Oral Administration

Lynn M. Herrmann-Hoesing, Stephen N. White, Liam E. Broughton-Neiswanger, Wendell C. Johnson, Susan M. Noh, David A. Schneider, Hong Li, Naomi S. Taus, James Reynolds, Thomas Truscott, Rohana P. Dassanayake, Donald P. Knowles

Animal Disease Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2012.23019                

Abstract

A new method of experimental infection of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), aerosol nebulization (Nb), was compared to intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) methods of experimental infection. Seven month old lambs were given 3.5 × 10⁷ TCID50 of Dubois OPPV LMH19 isolate using IV, PO, or Nb methods and were monitored for infection using cELISA and OPPV quantitative (q) PCR for 35 weeks. Four out of four sheep in the IV group, six out of six sheep in the Nb group, but only two out of six sheep in the PO group became infected by OPPV; whereas the uninoculated controls (n = 2) and a sentinel control (n = 1) remained uninfected during the course of the study. The time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the Nb group was quicker and statistically different from the time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the PO group (cELISA P value = 0.0021 and OPPV qPCR P value = 0.0007). When the Nb and IV groups were compared, sheep became cELISA and OPPV qPCR positive at similar times (cELISA P value = 0.6 and OPPV qPCR P value = 0.1). In addition, sheep became OPPV qPCR positive prior to cELISA in both the IV and Nb groups (IV P value = 0.027 and Nb P value = 0.007). Aerosol nebulization is a more natural experimental method of transmitting OPPV and may be valuable for testing potential vaccines or specific host genetics.

Keywords

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus = OPPV; Visna/Maedi Virus = VMV; Small Ruminant Lentivirus = SRLV; Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus = CAEV; Transmission

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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