The effect of past and present lifestyle, nutrition habits, and gender on bone mineral density

Masakatsu Nakada, Shinichi Demura

.

DOI: 10.4236/health.2010.27109                

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the gender and age differences of the quantitative osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) and the effects of the past and present lifestyle and nutrition habits on OSI in adult males and females from 20 to 70 years of age. The subjects were 155 males (20- 79 years) and 399 females (20-78 years). The bone mass was estimated by the right-calcaneal OSI using an ultrasonic transmission method with an AOS-100 device (ALOKA). The frequency of tests for OSI in women tended to increase rapidly in the 50-70 age group requiring close examination or guidance. In 50-70 year- old females, the proportion of dairy products and vitamin D intake in the past (junior high school and high school days) was significantly lower in the group requiring close examination or guidance (OSI < 2.428) than in the normal group (OSI ≧ 2.428). That is, there was insufficient calcium intake (through dairy products) and vitamin D intake, which is instrumental in calcium absorption, (through fish, chicken eggs, and fungi) during puberty, when bone mass increases with skeletal growth. In conclusion, the number in the group requiring close examination or guidance was high for 50-70 year-old males and females. The OSI decreases rapidly in females after their 50s and the number in the group requiring close examination or guidance increased rapidly.

Keywords

Lifestyle Habit; Nutrition Habit; Ultrasound; Osteo-Sono Assessment Index; Gender

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Gushiken, M. and Akisaka, M. (2004) A survey of calcaneus bone mineral density related to physique in young females and comparison of the findings to those of elderly females in Okinawa. The Journal of Education and Health Science, 49(4), 239-247.
[2]	Japan Osteoporosis Foundation (2000) This handbook for preventing osteoporosis is based on the Health and Medical Service Act for the Aged. 2nd Edition, Japan Medical Journal, Tokyo, pp.1-135.
[3]	Kim, H., Tanaka, K., Nakanishi, T. and Amagai, H. (1999) Effects of age and body composition on rate of bone mineral density loss in Japanese adult women. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 48(1), 81-90.
[4]	Yokouchi, J., Ando, D., Ono, Y., Ozaki, Y., Asakawa, K., Kitagawa, J., Nakahara, Y. and Koyama, K. (2003) The relationship between calcaneal quantitative ultrasound parameters and anthropometric measures in university women. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 52(5), 639-646.
[5]	Naka, T., Nakajima, D., Oh, T.W., Han, I., Sakurai, T. and Igawa, S. (2004) Effects of lifestyle on bone metabolism in middle-aged and aged Japanese women. Japanese Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 9(3), 85-92.
[6]	Nakata, H., Okazaki, N., Yagita, K., Ohtsuki, S., Satoh, H. and Mimura, K. (2003) The relationship between ultrasound calcaneal bone mass, physique, and daily habits in women’s junior college students. The Journal of Education and Health Science, 49(52), 155-162.
[7]	Tomita, N. and Akisaka, M. (2007) A study on the relationship between bone mineral density and dietary habits and regular exercise activity of junior college dietetics students. The Journal of Education and Health Science, 52(4), 212-224.
[8]	Kim, H., Tanaka, K., Amagai, H. and Suzuki, T. (1999) Age-related changes of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Japanese men and women. Japan Journal of Physical Education, 44(6), 500-509.
[9]	Dawson-Hughes, B. (1996) Calcium and vitamin D nutritional needs of elderly women. The Journal of Nutrition, 126(4 Suppl), 1165s-1167s.
[10]	Nakada, M. and Demura, S. (2010) Effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on calcaneal quantitative osteo-sono index in pre- and post-menopausal females. Health, 2(2), 124-130.
[11]	Ishiguro, N., Miyatani, M., Kanehisa, H., Kuno, S. and Fukunaga, T. (2003) Relationship between walking steps during daily life and both the bone intensity of calcaneus and muscle thickness of the lower leg in elderly men and women. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 52(Suppl), 127-132.
[12]	Elgán, C. and Fridlund, B. (2006) Bone mineral density in relation to body mass index among young women: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(6), 663-672.
[13]	Kameda, T., Mano, H., Yuasa, T., Mori, Y., Miyazawa, K., Shiokawa, M., Nakamaru, Y., Hiroi, E., Hiura, K., Kameda, A., Yang, N.N., Hakeda, Y. and Kumegawa, M. (1997) Estrogen inhibits bone resorption by directly inducing apoptosis of the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 186(4), 489-495.
[14]	Dawson-Hughes, B., Harris, S.S., Krall, E.A. and Dallal, G.E. (1997) Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. The New England Journal of Medicine, 337(10), 670-676.
[15]	Gallagher, J.C., Riggs, B.L., Eisman, J., Hamstra, A., Arnaud, S.B. and DeLuca, H.F. (1979) Intestinal calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects and osteoporotic patients: Effect of age and dietary calcium. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 64(3), 729-736.