[1]
|
R. Stupp, W. P. Mason, M. J. van den Bent, M. Weller, B. Fisher, M. J. Taphoorn, K. Belanger, A. A. Brandes, C. Marosi, U. Bogdahn, J. Curschmann, R. C. Janzer, S. K. Ludwin, T. Gorlia, A. Allgeier, D. Lacombe, J. G. Cairncross, E. Eisenhauer and R. O. Mirimanoff, “Radiotherapy plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide for Glioblastoma,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, No. 10, 2005, pp. 987-996.
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043330
|
[2]
|
E. G. Van Meir, C. G. Hadjipanayis, A. D. Norden, H. K. Shu, P. Y. Wen and J. J. Olson, “Exciting New Advances in Neuro-Oncology: The Avenue to a Cure for Malignant Glioma,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Vol. 60, No. 3, 2010, pp. 166-193. doi:10.3322/caac.20069
|
[3]
|
L. G. Feun, N. Savaraj and H. J. Landy, “Drug Resistance in Brain Tumors,” Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Vol. 20, No. 2, 1994, pp. 165-176. doi:10.1007/BF01052726
|
[4]
|
J. N. Rich, “Cancer Stem Cells in Radiation Resistance,” Cancer Research, Vol. 67, No. 19, 2007, pp. 8980-8984.
doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0895
|
[5]
|
M. D. Prados and C. Russo, “Chemotherapy of Brain Tumors,” Seminars in Surgical Oncology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1998, pp. 88-95.
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2388(199801/02)14:1<88::AID-SSU11>3.0.CO;2-5
|
[6]
|
D. Beier, S. Rohrl, D. R. Pillai, S. Schwarz, L. A. Kunz-Schughart, P. Leukel, M. Proescholdt, A. Brawanski, U. Bogdahn, A. Trampe-Kieslich, B. Giebel, J. Wischhusen, G. Reifenberger, P. Hau and C. P. Beier, “Temozolomide Preferentially Depletes Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma,” Cancer Research, Vol. 68, No. 14, 2008, pp. 5706-5015. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6878
|
[7]
|
H. Hauch, M. Sajedi and J. E. Wolff, “Treatment Arms Summarizing Analysis of 220 High-Grade Glioma Studies,” Anticancer Research, Vol. 25, No. 5, 2005, pp. 3585-3590.
|
[8]
|
T. C. Ramos, J. Figueredo, M. Catala, S. Gonzalez, J. C. Selva, T. M. Cruz, C. Toledo, S. Silva, Y. Pestano, M. Ramos, I. Leonard, O. Torres, P. Marinello, R. Perez and A. Lage, “Treatment of High-Grade Glioma Patients with the Humanized Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Antibody h-R3: Report from a Phase I/II Trial,” Cancer Biology & Therapy, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2006, pp. 375-379. doi:10.4161/cbt.5.4.2522
|
[9]
|
P. K. Julka, S. Mallick, T. Puri, S. Goyal, N. Joshi, N. Gupta and G. K. Rath, “Feasibility and Safety of Combining Nimotuzumab with Temozolomide and Radiotherapy in Adult Patients with Glioblastoma: An Indian Clinical Experience,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 28, No. 15, 2010.
|
[10]
|
U. Bode, S. Buchen, M. Warmuth-Metz, T. Pietsch, F. Bach and G. Fleischhack, “Final Report of a Phase II Trial of Nimotuzumab in the Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed High-Grade Gliomas in Children and Adolescents,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 25, No. 18, 2007.
|
[11]
|
A. Diaz Miqueli, J. Rolff, M. Lemm, I. Fichtner, R. Perez and E. Montero, “Radiosensitisation of U87MG Brain Tumours by Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies,” British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 100, No. 6, 2009, pp. 950-958.
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604943
|
[12]
|
C. Mateo, E. Moreno, K. Amour, J. Lombardero, W. Harris and R. Perez, “Humanization of a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody That Blocks the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Recovery of Antagonistic Activity,” Immunotechnology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1997, pp. 71-81.
doi:10.1016/S1380-2933(97)00065-1
|
[13]
|
“United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research (UKCCCR) Guidelines for the Welfare of Animals in Experimental Neoplasia (Second Edition),” British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 77, No. 1, 1998, pp. 1-10.
|
[14]
|
A. M. Mansour, J. Drevs, N. Esser, F. M. Hamada, O. A. Badary, C. Unger, I. Fichtner, and F. Kratz, “A New Approach for the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma: Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of an Albumin-Binding Doxorubicin Prodrug That Is Cleaved by Matrix Metalloproteinase 2,” Cancer Research, Vol. 63, No. 14, 2003, pp. 4062-4066.
|
[15]
|
S. C. Yu, Y. F. Ping, L. Yi, Z. H. Zhou, J. H. Chen, X. H. Yao, L. Gao, J. M. Wang and X. W. Bian, “Isolation and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells from a Human Glioblastoma Cell Line U87,” Cancer Letters, Vol. 265, No. 1, 2008, pp. 124-134.
doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.010
|
[16]
|
B. Kaur, F. W. Khwaja, E. A. Severson, S. L. Matheny, D. J. Brat and E. G. Van Meir, “Hypoxia and the Hypoxia-Inducible-Factor Pathway in Glioma Growth and Angiogenesis,” Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2005, pp. 134-153. doi:10.1215/S1152851704001115
|
[17]
|
T. Crombet-Ramos, J. Rak, R. Perez and A. Viloria-Petit, “Antiproliferative, Antiangiogenic and Proapoptotic Activity of h-R3: A Humanized Anti-EGFR Antibody,” International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 101, No. 6, 2002, pp. 567-575. doi:10.1002/ijc.10647
|
[18]
|
J. Folkman, “Angiogenesis: An Organizing Principle for Drug Discovery,” Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2007, pp. 273-286. doi:10.1038/nrd2115
|
[19]
|
S. K. Singh, C. Hawkins, I. D. Clarke, J. A. Squire, J. Bayani, T. Hide, R. M. Henkelman, M. D. Cusimano and P. B. Dirks, “Identification of Human Brain Tumour Initiating Cells,” Nature, Vol. 432, No. 7015, 2004, pp. 396-401. doi:10.1038/nature03128
|
[20]
|
S. Bao, Q. Wu, R. E. McLendon, Y. Hao, Q. Shi, A. B. Hjelmeland, M. W. Dewhirst, D. D. Bigner and J. N. Rich, “Glioma Stem Cells Promote Radioresistance by Preferential Activation of the DNA Damage Response,” Nature, Vol. 444, No. 7120, 2006, pp. 756-760.
doi:10.1038/nature05236
|
[21]
|
S. Bao, Q. Wu, S. Sathornsumetee, Y. Hao, Z. Li, A. B. Hjelmeland, Q. Shi, R. E. McLendon, D. D. Bigner and J. N. Rich, “Stem Cell-Like Glioma Cells Promote Tumor Angiogenesis through Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,” Cancer Research, Vol. 66, No. 16, 2006, pp. 7843-7848. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1010
|
[22]
|
A. Eramo, L. Ricci-Vitiani, A. Zeuner, R. Pallini, F. Lotti, G. Sette, E. Pilozzi, L. M. Larocca, C. Peschle and R. De Maria, “Chemotherapy Resistance of Glioblastoma Stem Cells,” Cell Death & Differentiation, Vol. 13, No. 7, 2006, pp. 1238-1241. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401872
|
[23]
|
G. Liu, X. Yuan, Z. Zeng, P. Tunici, H. Ng, I. R. Abdulkadir, L. Lu, D. Irvin, K. L. Black and J. S. Yu, “Analysis of Gene Expression and Chemoresistance of CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma,” Molecular Cancer, Vol. 5, 2006, p. 67. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-5-67
|
[24]
|
N. Shinojima, K. Tada, S. Shiraishi, T. Kamiryo, M. Kochi, H. Nakamura, K. Makino, H. Saya, H. Hirano, J. Kuratsu, K. Oka, Y. Ishimaru and Y. Ushio, “Prognostic Value of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme,” Cancer Research, Vol. 63, No. 20, 2003, pp. 6962-6970.
|
[25]
|
J. J. Vredenburgh, A. Desjardins, J. E. Herndon II, J. M. Dowell, D. A. Reardon, J. A. Quinn, J. N. Rich, S. Sathornsumetee, S. Gururangan, M. Wagner, D. D. Bigner, A. H. Friedman and H. S. Friedman, “Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab and Irinotecan in Recurrent Malignant Glioma,” Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2007, pp. 1253-1259. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2309
|
[26]
|
E. S. Kim, A. Serur, J. Huang, C. A. Manley, K. W. McCrudden, J. S. Frischer, S. Z. Soffer, L. Ring, T. New, S. Zabski, J. S. Rudge, J. Holash, G. D. Yancopoulos, J. J. Kandel and D. J. Yamashiro, “Potent VEGF Blockade Causes Regression of Coopted Vessels in a Model of Neuroblastoma,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 99, No. 17, 2002, pp. 11399-11404. doi:10.1073/pnas.172398399
|
[27]
|
P. S. Steeg, “Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Motivators of Metastasis?” Nature Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2003, pp. 822-823. doi:10.1038/nm0703-822
|
[28]
|
G. P. Pidgeon, M. P. Barr, J. H. Harmey, D. A. Foley and D. J. Bouchier-Hayes, “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Upregulates BCL-2 and Inhibits Apoptosis in Human and Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells,” British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 85, No. 2, 2001, pp. 273-278. doi:10.1054/bjoc.2001.1876
|
[29]
|
L. M. Ellis, “Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Tumor Angiogenesis,” Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1007-1021.
doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2004.06.002
|
[30]
|
P. L. Penar, S. Khoshyomn, A. Bhushan and T. R. Tritton, “Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Associated Tyrosine Kinase Blocks Glioblastoma Invasion of the Brain,” Neurosurgery, Vol. 40, No. 1, 1997, pp. 141-151.
|
[31]
|
K. Lamszus, M. A. Brockmann, C. Eckerich, P. Bohlen, C. May, U. Mangold, R. Fillbrandt and M. Westphal, “Inhibition of Glioblastoma Angiogenesis and Invasion by Combined Treatments Directed against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, and Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin,” Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 11, No. 13, 2005, pp. 4934-4940. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2270
|
[32]
|
H. D. Hemmati, I. Nakano, J. A. Lazareff, M. Masterman-Smith, D. H. Geschwind, M. Bronner-Fraser and H. I. Kornblum, “Cancerous Stem Cells Can Arise from Pediatric Brain Tumors,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 100, No. 25, 2003, pp. 15178-15183.
doi:10.1073/pnas.2036535100
|
[33]
|
S. K. Singh, I. D. Clarke, M. Terasaki, V. E. Bonn, C. Hawkins, J. Squire and P. B. Dirks, “Identification of a Cancer Stem Cell in Human Brain Tumors,” Cancer Research, Vol. 63, No. 18, 2003, pp. 5821-5828.
|
[34]
|
C. Calabrese, H. Poppleton, M. Kocak, T. L. Hogg, C. Fuller, B. Hamner, E. Y. Oh, M. W. Gaber, D. Finklestein, M. Allen, A. Frank, I. T. Bayazitov, S. S. Zakharenko, A. Gajjar, A. Davidoff and R. J. Gilbertson, “A Perivascular Niche for Brain Tumor Stem Cells,” Cancer Cell, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2007, pp. 69-82. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.020
|
[35]
|
A. Diaz Miqueli, R. Blanco, B. Garcia, T. Badia, A. E. Batista, R. Alonso and E. Montero, “Biological Activity in Vitro of Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies with Different Affinities,” Hybridoma (Larchmt), Vol. 26, No. 6, 2007, pp. 423-431.
doi:10.1089/hyb.2007.0516
|
[36]
|
Y. Akashi, I. Okamoto, T. Iwasa, T. Yoshida, M. Suzuki, E. Hatashita, Y. Yamada, T. Satoh, M. Fukuoka, K. Ono and K. Nakagawa, “Enhancement of the Antitumor Activity of Ionising Radiation by Nimotuzumab, a Humanised Monoclonal Antibody to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines of Differing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Status,” British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 98, No. 4, 2008, pp. 749-755. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604222
|
[37]
|
M. O. Rodriguez, T. C. Rivero, R. C. Bahi, C. R. Muchuli, M. A. Bilbao, E. N. Vinageras, J. Alert, J. J. Galainena, E. Rodriguez, E. Gracias, B. Mulen, B. Wilkinson, E. L. de Armas, K. Perez, I. Pineda, M. Frometa, I. Leonard, V. Mullens, C. Viada, P. Luaces, O. Torres, N. Iznaga and T. Crombet, “Nimotuzumab plus Radiotherapy for Unresectable Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck,” Cancer Biology & Therapy, Vol. 9, No. 5, 2010, pp. 343-349. doi:10.4161/cbt.9.5.10981
|
[38]
|
B. J. Denny, R. T. Wheelhouse, M. F. Stevens, L. L. Tsang and J. A. Slack, “NMR and Molecular Modeling Investigation of the Mechanism of Activation of the Antitumor Drug Temozolomide and Its Interaction with DNA,” Biochemistry, Vol. 33, No. 31, 1994, pp. 9045-9051.
doi:10.1021/bi00197a003
|
[39]
|
S. D’Atri, L. Tentori, P. M. Lacal, G. Graziani, E. Pagani, E. Benincasa, G. Zambruno, E. Bonmassar and J. Jiricny, “Involvement of the Mismatch Repair System in temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis,” Molecular Pharmacology, Vol. 54, No. 2, 1998, pp. 334-341.
|
[40]
|
M. E. Hegi, A. C. Diserens, T. Gorlia, M. F. Hamou, N. de Tribolet, M. Weller, J. M. Kros, J. A. Hainfellner, W. Mason, L. Mariani, J. E. Bromberg, P. Hau, R. O. Mirimanoff, J. G. Cairncross, R. C. Janzer and R. Stupp, “MG- MT Gene Silencing and Benefit from Temozolomide in Glioblastoma,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, No. 10, 2005, pp. 997-1003.
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043331
|
[41]
|
M. Ramos-Suzarte, N. Rodriguez, J. P. Oliva, N. Iznaga-Escobar, A. Perera, A. Morales, N. Gonzalez, M. Cordero, L. Torres, G. Pimentel, M. Borron, J. Gonzalez, O. Torres, T. Rodriguez and R. Perez, “99mTc-Labeled Antihuman Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody in Patients with Tumors of Epithelial Origin: Part III. Clinical Trials Safety and Diagnostic Efficacy,” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 40, No. 5, 1999, pp. 768-775.
|
[42]
|
W. K. Boland and G. Bebb, “Nimotuzumab: A Novel Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody That Retains Anti-EGFR Activity While Minimizing Skin Toxicity,” Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, Vol. 9, No. 9, 2009, pp. 1199-1206. doi:10.1517/14712590903110709
|
[43]
|
G. Bebb, W. Boland and B. Melosky, “Don’t Jump to Rash Conclusions,” Cancer Biology & Therapy, Vol. 11, No. 7, 2011, pp. 639-641. doi:10.4161/cbt.11.7.14920
|