Author(s)

Badé Farid Toyigbénan¹, Dah-Nouvlessounon Durand¹, Sina Haziz¹, Nanoukon Chimène¹, Moussè Wassiyath¹, Nabéde Aklesso¹, Assogba Sylvestre¹, Tohoyéssou Majoie¹, Nounagnon Martial¹, Halfane Lehmane¹, Adjanohoun Adolphe², Savadogo Aly³, Baba-Moussa Lamine^1*

¹Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
²South Agricultural Research Centre, National Agricultural Research Institute of Benin, Attogon, Benin.
³Laboratoire de Biochimie et d’Immunologie Appliquée (LABIA), UFR en Sciences de la vie et de la terre, école Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Ouaga I Pr-Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Microbial infections threaten the health of the Beninese population. Objectives: To identify bioactive phytochemical groups and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Desmodium ramosissimum used in traditional medicine in Benin against microbial infections. Methodology & Results: The classic reactions in solution helped highlight alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, mucilage, Coumarin, reducing compounds, anthracene, glycosides. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by extracts dilution’s method (ethanol extracts, methanol extracts and hexane extracts). The methanol extract inhibited the growth of all tested germs, with a significant effect on E. coli and S. aureus strains whose MIC values are equal to 1.25 mg/ml. On the contrary, this extract has a low activity on P. vulgaris strain with a MIC of 10 mg/ml. The ethanol extract also inhibited the growth of all the tested strains, but with more intense activity than the methanol extract. The strains of C. albicans and S. oralis were more sensitive to the extract with 0.625 mg/ml for MIC, while S. aureus and P. vulgaris were less sensitive (MIC = 5 mg/ml). The residual ethanol extract exerted inhibition on all microorganisms at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, except the strain of E. foecalis that was resistant. Conclusion & Applications: This study shows that besides its food virtues of this plant, there are antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Desmodium, Benin, Extracts, Antimicrobial, Screening

Toyigbénan, B. , Durand, D. , Haziz, S. , Chimène, N. , Wassiyath, M. , Aklesso, N. , Sylvestre, A. , Majoie, T. , Martial, N. , Lehmane, H. , Adolphe, A. , Aly, S. and Lamine, B. (2020) Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Desmodium ramosissimum. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 11, 51-63. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2020.111005.