The quality of corporate earnings has always been a research hotspot in the academic and practical circles of economics and finance. The study of earnings quality can help investors adopt a more optimized investment strategy. From 1968, Ball and Brown began to study the earnings quality. Through years of hard work, the majority of scholars have made fruitful results in the study of earnings quality. This paper analyzes the connotation and quantification of earnings quality, the influencing factors of earnings quality, the economic consequences of earnings quality, and the international comparison of earnings quality. A review of the quality literature provides a basis for subsequent research.