Cambodia is one of the Southeast Asia. With the agricultural market integration, Cambodia rural household is adjusting livestock structure naturally. In order to provide suitable support for agriculture policy, the authors conducted a survey on 204 rural household in Cambodia. This article uses the optimization model, considering rural labor, cattle size, and animal disease risk, to analyze and get optimum result range. The result shows that the more off-farm job opportunity, suitable cattle feed structure, and investment on public health for cattle, the household income in rural Cambodia will increase.