Author(s)

Evelyine B. Ngimbudzi^1,2, Alice M. Lukumay¹, Agnes W. Muriithi¹, Khairunnisa A. Dhamani¹, Pammla M. Petrucka^3,4*

¹The Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
²Mkuranga District Hospital, Mkuranga, Tanzania.
³College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada.
⁴Academics without Borders Volunteer with Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, East Africa.

Aims: Anaemia in children aged 6 - 59 months is an important public health problem associated with increasing hospital costs, lengths of hospital stay, and development of complications later in life. Due to the significant caregiver roles of mothers, the level of mothers’ knowledge, beliefs and practices are important in addressing anaemia in children. This study investigated knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of select mothers on anaemia and linked these with known factors for anaemia. Methodology: The case study was conducted at Mkuranga District Hospital, Paediatric Ward between December 2014 and April 2015. A cross-sectional design was used to recruit a convenience sample of 40 mothers whose children had a confirmed diagnosis of anaemia (through routine laboratory testing). Results: Within the sample, the majority of children were male (52.5%); aged 6 - 39 months (87.5%); and had a diagnosis of severe anaemia (75.0%) according to the World Health Organization’s definition. Over one third (35%) of mothers reported a prior history of anemia in their other children, and the majority (55%) had heard about anaemia prior to their child’s hospitalization. Maternal anaemia was reported by 67.5% of mothers. Mothers reported that maternal anemia (17.5%) and feeding practices (32.5%) are known contributing factors to anaemia in children. Mothers reported that anemia could be prevented (55.0%) and cured by herbal preparations (47.5%). In addition, some mothers indicated that anaemia was caused by witchcraft (22.5%) and eating lemons (2.5%). Conclusion: Severe anaemia was high among the studied population which aligned with their hospitalization status. Findings suggested potential gaps in control and management of anemia in children possibly related to low awareness or incorrect knowledge of the relationship between maternal and child anaemia. The findings also highlighted important cultural beliefs related to anaemia. There is an imperative for culturally and socially appropriate knowledge translation and exchange with mothers in order to impact on the prevention and control of anaemia in children in Tanzania.

Anaemia, Children, Tanzania, Maternal Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices, Culture and Health

Ngimbudzi, E. , Lukumay, A. , Muriithi, A. , A. Dhamani, K. and M. Petrucka, P. (2016) Mothers’ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices on Causes and Prevention of Anaemia in Children Aged 6 - 59 Months: A Case Study at Mkuranga District Hospital, Tanzania. Open Journal of Nursing, 6, 342-352. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2016.64036.