Urban surface water system in coastal areas: A comparative study between Almere and Tianjin Eco-city ()
ABSTRACT
In
the purpose of defining typical urban water management challenges in coastal
lowlands in the context of global climate change, a comparative study was
conducted between two coastal new towns respectively located in the Netherlands
and Northern China. Comparative method is applied to define main functioning patterns
of urban water systems in the two cases, then computer simulations were used to
furthercompare drainage
capacity in order to reveal the trends of urban water management. Major resulthas
shown that Almere in the Netherlands generally more advanced in urban water management asmultiple functioning patterns are available.Strong dykes
maintain competence for land subsidence and sea level rise. Open water system
decreases local runoff and increaseswater retention
level. Systematic control ofsluicesand
locks which serve for shipping and waterfront landscaping are simultaneously
isolating contaminants from outer water body. Tianjin Eco-city in China has
shown both strengths and weaknesses. It takes large amount of reclaimed water
as main landscaping water source, which adapts to local water pollution and
shortage while requires highly centralized facilities. Large water body is
reserved and huge scale underground drainage system built, but it is still vulnerable
to heavy storms due to the lack of efficient surface water drainage system.
Coastal line control does not adequately prevent from increasing storm surge
risks in the future. SWMMsimulations have
supported the viewpoint ofdistributed surface water with a higher efficiency
for storm drainage. Meanwhile, surface water system returns more added values
to urban development. The study is corresponding well with the theory of water
sensitive city. As a conclusion, urban water system should always incorporate
methods to achieve higher system resilience based on multiple functioning patterns.
Share and Cite:
Zou, T. and Zhou, Z. (2013) Urban surface water system in coastal areas: A comparative study between Almere and Tianjin Eco-city.
Open Journal of Ecology,
3, 407-416. doi:
10.4236/oje.2013.36046.