The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region covers the core of the energy economies of the world, connecting the major oil and gas resource consumption markets of the world and playing an important role in realizing global energy security. The paper analyzes the oil and gas supply pattern and states main risks and challenges of oil and gas supply in the BRI region, which include geopolitical conflict, non-traditional security factors and energy market volatility. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the security of oil and gas supply in the BRI region, which could be summarized in promoting a New regional oil and gas governance, building a safe and resilient oil and gas supply network, and accelerating the financial markets development for oil and gas energy.