Author(s)

El Hadji Amadou Lamine Bathily^1,2*, Serigne Moussa Badiane³, Mamoudou Salif Djigo^1,2, Gora Thiaw^1,2, Kalidou Gueye^1,2, Ousseynou Diop^2,4, Boucar Ndong^2,4, Kokou Fofo Toussaint Adambounou⁵, Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune⁶, Papa Mady Sy⁶, Mamadou Soumbounou⁶, Mohamed Chekhma², Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf⁶, Gora Mbaye⁶, Omar Ndoye², Mounibé Diarra⁶, Mamadou Mbodj^1,2

¹Nuclear Medicine Department, General Hospital of Idrissa Pouye (HOGIP), Dakar, Senegal.
²Biophysical Laboratory, Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal.
³Biophysical Laboratory, Gaston Berger University (UGB), Saint-Louis.
⁴Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Dalal Jamm, Dakar, Senegal.
⁵Biophysical Laboratory, University of Lome, Lome, Togo.
⁶Laboratory of Physical and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

Introduction: Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Its treatment uses synthetic antithyroid drugs but the use of aggressive radical therapy such as surgery or non-aggressive therapy such as iodine-131 is not uncommon. Treatment of Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine or iratherapy is a simple, inexpensive, well-tolerated treatment. It was introduced in Senegal in 2016. We report through this work the preliminary assessment of the only nuclear medicine service in Senegal in the management of Graves’ disease by iodine-131. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of the first cases of Graves’ disease treated with iratherapy in Senegal. Socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects were studied. Radiation protection rules have been implemented and contraception has been effective for six months in women of childbearing age. Results: 25 patients were collected with a mean age of 45 years, twenty women (80%), a family goiter in 24% and a psycho-affective context in 64% of cases. Thyrotoxicosis syndrome was associated with goiter in 68% of patients and exophthalmos in 64%. Thyroid ultrasound performed in 20 patients showed vascular goiter in 80% and thyroid scintigraphy in 3 patients, homogeneous and diffuse hyperfixation. TRAK dosed in 8 patients was still positive. All patients had received first-line medical treatment. The average duration of this treatment was more than 18 months in 92%. The empirically used iodine-131 activity averaged 15.35 mCi. Oral corticosteroid therapy was prescribed in 7 patients for the prevention of malignant orbitopathy. No early side effects were noted. The remission rate at 3 months was 52% and at 6 months was 88% to 92%. Conclusion: The effectiveness of radioactive iodine, in particular ablative doses in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, is no longer to be demonstrated. Taking into account our socioeconomic context, iratherapy should be a treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism with a good quality/price ratio and excellent tolerance.

Graves’ Disease, Iratherapy, Iodine-131, Senegal

Bathily, E. , Badiane, S. , Djigo, M. , Thiaw, G. , Gueye, K. , Diop, O. , Ndong, B. , Adambounou, K. , Djiboune, A. , Sy, P. , Soumbounou, M. , Chekhma, M. , Diouf, L. , Mbaye, G. , Ndoye, O. , Diarra, M. and Mbodj, M. (2024) Iodine 131 Treatment in Graves’ Disease in a West African Country: Preliminary Study about 25 Cases in Senegal. Open Journal of Biophysics, 14, 56-72. doi: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2024.141003.