Author(s)

Nene Oumou Kesso Barry^1,2*, Soukeyna Gueye², Moustapha Djité^1,2, Pape Matar Kandji^1,2, Michel Assane Ndour³, El Hadj Malick Ndour¹, Demba Diedhiou³, Fatou Gueye-Tall¹, Ndeye Mareme Thioune², Najah Fatou Coly⁴, Dominique Doupa⁵, Maïmouna Ndour Mbaye³, Philomène Lopez Sall¹, Papa Madieye Gueye^1,2

¹Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal.
²Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal.
³Department of Internal Medicine, Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal.
⁴Medical Biology Laboratory, Diamniadio Children Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
⁵Department of Medical Biochemistry, Saint-Louis University, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

This prospective case-control study aimed to assess the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and explore its potential correlation with microangiopathic complications, specifically nephropathy and neuropathy, in a cohort of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Conducted at the Marc Sankalé Center of Abass Ndao Hospital in Dakar from June to September 2018, the study enrolled a total of 106 diabetic patients, comprising 93 type 2 diabetics and 13 type 1 diabetics, who were matched with control subjects free from clinically detectable pathologies, based on sex and age ± 2 years. The mean age of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients was 24.46 ± 8.41 years and 57.28 ± 11.28 years, respectively. Our findings revealed a statistically significant elevation in mean homocysteine levels among patients when compared to controls (12.63 vs. 9.88; p < 0.0001). Hyperhomocysteinemia was observed in 24.5% of the patients, exclusively among those with type 2 diabetes. Within the hyperhomocysteinemia subgroup, 58% were male, and 42% were female. The analysis of neuropathy and nephropathy frequencies among type 2 diabetic patients, stratified by homocysteine concentrations, demonstrated a notably higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia compared to those with normohomocysteinemia (23.07% vs. 8.75%; p = 0.052). Similarly, diabetic neuropathy exhibited a significantly greater frequency in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia as opposed to normohomocysteinemia (80.76% vs. 50%; p = 0.005). Furthermore, our results established a significant positive correlation between homocysteine concentrations and both age (r = 0.402; p < 0.0001) and creatinine levels (r = 0.461; p < 0.0001). Bivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with hyperhomocysteinemia faced 3 times and 6 times higher risks of developing neuropathy (OR = 3.5; p = 0.061) and diabetic nephropathy (OR = 6.092; p = 0.014), respectively.

Homocysteine, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Nephropathy, Neuropathy

Barry, N. , Gueye, S. , Djité, M. , Kandji, P. , Ndour, M. , Ndour, E. , Diedhiou, D. , Gueye-Tall, F. , Thioune, N. , Coly, N. , Doupa, D. , Mbaye, M. , Sall, P. and Gueye, P. (2023) Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Microangiopathic Complications (Neuropathy and Nephropathy) in Subjects with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 13, 325-339. doi: 10.4236/jdm.2023.134024.