Author(s)

Marie Claire Tchamadeu^1*, Hélène Elena Ndame¹, Calvin Zangueu Bogning¹, Modeste Wankeu-Nya¹, Patience Emambo¹, Olga Sol Fonga¹, Christian Takoukam Tenezogang¹, Alain Bertrand Dongmo¹, Siméon Pierre Choukem²

¹Department of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
²Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.

Background: Few studies have often focused on medicinal plant mixtures, yet the most used in low-and middle-income areas as alternative drug to treat diseases. Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of Emilia coccinea (Ec) (Asteraceae), Scoparia dulcis (Sd) (Plantaginaceae) and Tetracarpidium conophorum (Tc) (Euphorbiaceae) aqueous extracts mixture (EcSdTc) in rats. Methodology: Single plant aqueous extracts (Ec, Sd and Tc) and their mixtures (EcSd, EcTc, SdTc and EcSdTc) (each at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight respectively) were evaluated in acute administration on blood glucose in normal, glucose-overloaded and diabetic rats; then EcSdTc mixture was assessed in prolonged administration (21 days) on blood glucose, body weight, serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg), and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Results: In acute administration, EcTc250, EcSdTc125, SdTc250, SdTc125, EcSd250, and EcSdTc250 extracts mixtures reduced (p < 0.05 - p < 0.01) the blood glucose of normal rats by 21.89%, 19.04%, 17.94%, 17.69%, 17.28%, and 15.07% while EcTc250, Tc125, Tc250, Ec250, EcSdTc250 and Sd250 extracts reduced (p < 0.0001 - p < 0.05) the glycemia of glucose-fed rats by 22.43%, 19.62%, 17.60%, 13.26%, 12.58%, and 11.77% respectively, compared to their respective Normal and Hyperglycemic controls. Prolonged administration of the EcSdTc mixture (125 and 250 mg/kg) in diabetic rats decreased (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001) the blood glucose, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index, serum ALAT/ASAT activities and liver MDA, increasing (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001) the body weight, HDL-cholesterol, total proteinemia, and liver SOD, Catalase, NO, GSH activities or levels, comparatively to diabetic control. Conclusion: EcSdTc aqueous extracts mixture has potent hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects, probably due to their bioactive compounds synergistic and/or additive actions, justifying its traditional use as alternative remedies.

Emilia coccinea, Scoparia dulcis, Tetracarpidium conophorum, Traditional Medicinal Potion, Diabetes Mellitus, Streptozotocin

Tchamadeu, M. , Ndame, H. , Bogning, C. , Wankeu-Nya, M. , Emambo, P. , Fonga, O. , Tenezogang, C. , Dongmo, A. and Choukem, S. (2023) Acute and Prolonged Effects of a Polyherbal Formulation on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile and Liver Function in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 11, 277-302. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2023.1111024.