Author(s)

Yu. A. Usov

Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.

A frozen spin polarized targets cooled by the ³He/⁴He dilution refrigerator developed at the JINR, Dubna is described. Experience with continuously-polarized targets (dynamic mode) and achieving of very low temperatures in 1966 (JINR) gave rise to the idea of using radically new technique based on dissolving ³He in ⁴He to the frozen spin polarized target. The short history (1966-2023) of the development of such proton and deuteron targets at JINR for different accelerators (Dubna, Protvino, Gatchina, Prague, Mainz and Bonn) is given.

Polarized Targets, Ultralow Temperatures, 3He/4He Dilution Refrigerator

Usov, Y. (2023) History of Ultralow Temperatures at Dubna (JINR). Advances in Historical Studies, 12, 115-129. doi: 10.4236/ahs.2023.124009.