Author(s)

Hugues Ahiboh^1*, Akissi Joelle Koffi¹, Aniéla Kanga², Philemond By¹, Fatoumata Koné³, Hermance Kassi⁴, Francisk Kouakou¹, Marie-Laure Hauhouot-Attoungbré⁵, Duni Sawadogo⁶

¹Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry Unit, CeDReS, University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
²Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Bouaké, Bouaké, Ivory Coast.
³Molecular Biology Unit, CeDReS, University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
⁴Hematology Unit, CeDReS, University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
⁵Department of Biochemistry, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
⁶Department of Hematology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Objectives: Sickle cell disease (SCD) has a varied clinical and biological expression depending on the hemoglobin phenotype: SSFA₂, SFA₂, SAFA₂ and SC. Considering the antioxidant properties of the different haptoglobin phenotypes (Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, Hp 2-2), it seemed relevant to know their influence on the morbidity of the different hemoglobin phenotype of SCD. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify associations between haptoglobin phenotype and morbidity of different SCD phenotypes. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, with a cohort of 170 black African carriers of hemoglobin S, in Ivory Coast, West Africa, hemoglobin and haptoglobin phenotypes were determined by electrophoretic methods. Results: The three major phenotypes of haptoglobin polymorphism were found in the SCD cohort: Hp 1-1 (24.1%), Hp 2-1 (56.5%), Hp 2-2 (19.4%). Vaso-occlusions were associated with haptoglobin phenotype Hp 1-1, (OR = 2.03; CI_95% = [1.06 - 3.9]; p < 0.05). Probability of worse morbidity score was 4.55 times greater for hemoglobin phenotype different from SSFA₂ (CI_95% = [1.43 - 14.44]) and the probability of having the Hp 1-1 phenotype was lower (CI_95% = [0.170 - 0.705]). Conclusions: Haptoglobin phenotype was associated to morbidity-adjusted hemoglobin phenotype. The study revealed a greater probability of a worse morbidity when the hemoglobin phenotype is homozygous. Unexpectedly, the worse morbidity is associated to Hp 1-1 haptoglobin phenotype, the most powerful antioxidant within the different haptoglobin phenotypes. Associations found were not systematic and need further studies to enlighten the determinism of SCD morbidity.

Haptoglobin Phenotype, Hemoglobin Phenotype, Sickle Cell Disease, Morbidity

Ahiboh, H. , Koffi, A. , Kanga, A. , By, P. , Koné, F. , Kassi, H. , Kouakou, F. , Hauhouot-Attoungbré, M. and Sawadogo, D. (2023) Influence of Haptoglobin and Hemoglobin Phenotypic Polymorphisms on Sickle Cell Disease Morbidity. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 13, 171-181. doi: 10.4236/abc.2023.135012.