Author(s)

Ema Leal¹, João Caria¹, Vasco Almeida¹, Claudina Cruz¹, Ana Raquel Garrote¹, Manuela Mafra², Freddy Ramirez¹, Diana Póvoas¹, Maria José Manata¹, Fernando Maltez¹

¹Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal.
²Anatomic Pathology Department, Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal.

Background: Simultaneous central nervous system infection by more than one pathogen is very uncommon, even in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Purpose and methods: We report a clinical case of an HIV positive patient with simultaneous biopsy-confirmed neurotoxoplasmosis and neurocysticercosis. Results and conclusion: In this report, we present a rare occurrence of two simultaneous parasitic infections of the central nervous system in a patient with advanced immunosuppression due to HIV-1 infection. Despite the limited data available regarding the prevalence of such co-infections, this case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion and promptly identifying concurrent neurologic diseases to enable accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment in these patients.

HIV, Concomitant CNS Infections, Neurotoxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis

Leal, E. , Caria, J. , Almeida, V. , Cruz, C. , Garrote, A. , Mafra, M. , Ramirez, F. , Póvoas, D. , Manata, M. and Maltez, F. (2023) Simultaneous Neurocysticercosis and Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in a Patient Living with HIV—Case Report. Advances in Infectious Diseases, 13, 521-526. doi: 10.4236/aid.2023.133042.